Shift work and its negative consequences are becoming more relevant as the economy becomes increasing globalized. For many individuals, shift work serves as a significant biological and psychosocial challenge leading to Shift Work Disorder (SWD). Beyond the symptoms of sleep and excessive sleepiness, the range of consequences for health and daily functioning in those with SWD are reviewed, along with evidence-based recommendations for clinical management, including comprehensive clinical assessments and intervention strategies that target multiple domains through pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic methods. A review of important recent scientific and technological developments for assessment and intervention is also provided.