Immune defence to invasive fungal infections: A comprehensive review - 27/10/20
pages | 17 |
Iconographies | 3 |
Vidéos | 0 |
Autres | 0 |
Highlights |
• | New Insights into immune mechanisms is key for developing anti-fungal vaccines and drugs. |
• | Discussed pathogenesis of fungal pathogens & their interaction with host immune system. |
• | Discussed the critical role of innate and adaptive immune cells that respond to IFI. |
• | Emphasized the role of memory cells in long-term protection in subsequent infections. |
• | Summarize the current vaccine strategies, co-infections studies and drug resistance. |
Abstract |
The fungal infections are relatively common in humans that can range from common, mild superficial infections to life-threatening invasive infections. Most of the pathogenic fungi are opportunistic that cause disease under immunocompromised conditions such as HIV infection, cancer, chemotherapy, transplantation and immune suppressive drug users. Efficient detection and treatment of high-risk population remain the highest priority to avert most of the deaths. Majority of invasive infections are caused by Candida, Aspergillus and Cryptococcus species. Lack of effective vaccines, standardised diagnostic tools, efficient antifungal drugs and the emergence of drug-resistant species/strains pose a global threat to control Invasive fungal infections (IFI). A better understanding of the host immune response is one of the major approaches to developing new or improved antifungal strategies to control the IFIs. In this review, we have discussed pathogenesis of medically important fungi, fungal interaction with the host through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and the interplay of innate and adaptive immune cells in shaping host immunity to IFI. Further, we emphasized the role of memory cells by offering long-term protection in secondary or subsequent infections. Moreover, we depicted the role of unconventional innate-like immune cells in anti-fungal immunity. We also summarize the available information on the current vaccine strategies, genetic susceptibility to fungal infections, recent co-infections studies and the emergence of drug-resistance, a growing trend throughout the world. Finally, we emphasized the steps to be taken for the control of IFIs.
Le texte complet de cet article est disponible en PDF.Abbreviations : IFI, HIV, MDSC, iNKT, MAIT, SFI, IC, HWP, SOD, GT, PAMPs, PRR, PMN, TLR, NOD, NLR, CARD, AMP, APC, ROI, RNI, NOS2, DC, mDCs, pDCs, PMNs, NET or NETosis, PBMC, NK cells, CMCC, MHC, TCR, VVC, RVVC, Tregs, NKT cells, DTH, ADCC, mab, HPV, HBV, Sap2, Hsp90, Hyr1, ABC
Keywords : Invasive fungal infections, Immunocompromised patients, Fungal-host interactions, Immune response, Candida, Aspergillus, Cryptococcus
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Vol 130
Article 110550- octobre 2020 Retour au numéroBienvenue sur EM-consulte, la référence des professionnels de santé.
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