Associations of Dairy Intake with Circulating Biomarkers of Inflammation, Insulin Response, and Dyslipidemia among Postmenopausal Women - 13/04/21

Doi : 10.1016/j.jand.2021.02.029

Ni Shi, PhD, MPH, Susan Olivo-Marston, PhD, MPH, Qi Jin, MS, RD, Desmond Aroke, MD, Joshua J. Joseph, MD, MPH, Steven K. Clinton, MD, PhD, JoAnn E. Manson, MD, DrPH, Kathryn M. Rexrode, MD, MPH, Yasmin Mossavar-Rahmani, PhD, RD, CDN, Lesley Fels Tinker, PhD, Aladdin H. Shadyab, PhD, MPH, Rhonda S. Arthur, PhD, Linda G. Snetselaar, PhD, RDN, FAND, LD, Linda Van Horn, PhD, Fred K. Tabung, MSPH, PhD ^⁎

^∗Address correspondence to: Fred K. Tabung, MSPH, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center–James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, and Interdisciplinary PhD Program in Nutrition, Division of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, 410w 12^th Ave, Room 302B, Columbus, OH 43220.Department of Internal MedicineCollege of MedicineComprehensive Cancer Center–James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, and Interdisciplinary PhD Program in NutritionDivision of EpidemiologyCollege of Public HealthThe Ohio State University410w 12^th AveRoom 302BColumbusOH43220

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Abstract

Background

Cardiometabolic diseases are prevalent in aging Americans. Although some studies have implicated greater intake of dairy products, it is not clear how dairy intake is related to biomarkers of cardiometabolic health.

Objective

Our aim was to test the hypothesis that associations of dairy foods with biomarkers of lipid metabolism, insulin-like growth factor signaling, and chronic inflammation may provide clues to understanding how dairy can influence cardiometabolic health.

Design

This was a cross-sectional study in the Women's Health Initiative using baseline food frequency questionnaire data to calculate dairy intake.

Participants/setting

Participants were 35,352 postmenopausal women aged 50 to 79 years at 40 clinical centers in the United States.

Main outcome measures

Baseline (1993-1998) concentrations of 20 circulating biomarkers were measured.

Statistical analyses

Multivariable-adjusted linear regression was used to estimate percent difference in biomarker concentrations per serving of total dairy and individual foods (milk, cheese, yogurt, butter, and low-fat varieties).

Results

Lower triglyceride concentrations were associated with greater intake of total dairy (–0.8% [95% CI –1.2% to –0.3%]), mainly driven by full-fat varieties. Individual dairy foods had specific associations with circulating lipid components. For example, greater total milk intake was associated with lower concentrations of total cholesterol (–0.4% [95% CI –0.7% to –0.2%]) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (–0.5% [95% CI –0.9% to –0.1%]), whereas greater butter intake was associated with higher total cholesterol (0.6% [95% CI 0.2% to 1.0%]) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (1.6% [95% CI 1.1% to 2.0%]) concentrations. In contrast, higher total yogurt intake was associated with lower total cholesterol (–1.1% [95% CI –2.0% to –0.2%]) and higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (1.8% [95% CI 0.5% to 3.1%]). Greater total dairy intake (regardless of fat content), total cheese, full-fat cheese, and yogurt were consistently associated with lower concentrations of glucose, insulin, and C-reactive protein. However, milk and butter were not associated with these biomarkers.

Conclusions

Higher dairy intake, except butter, was associated with a favorable profile of lipids, insulin response, and inflammatory biomarkers, regardless of fat content. Yet, specific dairy foods might influence these markers uniquely. Findings do not support a putative role of dairy in cardiometabolic diseases observed in some previous studies.

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Keywords : Dairy, Dairy fat, Inflammation biomarkers, Insulin, Lipids

Plan

Methods

Study Population

Assessment of Dairy Intake

Participants’ Characteristics

Dairy Intake and Circulating Concentrations of Lipids

Dairy Intake and Circulating Concentrations of Insulin-Related/IGF Signaling Biomarkers

Dairy Intake and Circulating Concentrations of Inflammatory Biomarkers

Discussion

Conclusions

	STATEMENT OF POTENTIAL CONFLICT OF INTEREST No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.
	FUNDING/SUPPORT F. K. Tabung was supported by National Cancer Institute grant R00 CA207736 and P30 CA016058. J. J. Joseph was supported by grant K23DK117041 from the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. The WHI program is funded by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services through contracts HHSN268201600018C, HHSN268201600001C, HHSN268201600002C, HHSN268201600003C, and HHSN268201600004C.
	AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS N. Shi and F. K. Tabung designed research. N. Shi performed statistical analyses and drafted the manuscript. Q. Jin and D. Aroke assisted in statistical analyses. F. K. Tabung edited initial manuscript drafts and provided study oversight. S. Olivo-Marston, J. J. Joseph, S. K. Clinton, J. E. Manson, K. M. Rexrode, Y. Mossavar-Rahmani, L. Fels Tinker, A. H. Shadyab, R. S. Arthur, L. G. Snetselaar, L. Van Horn, and F. K. Tabung analyzed and interpreted the data and provided critical intellectual input. All authors approved the final manuscript. N. Shi and F. K. Tabung had full access to all the data and take responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis and results.