Helicobacter pylori Infection - 20/05/21

Doi : 10.1016/j.gtc.2021.02.001

Jaehoon Cho, MD ^a,^{^{1
Joint co–first authors.}}, Akriti Prashar, PhD ^b,^c,^{^{1
Joint co–first authors.}}, Nicola L. Jones, MD, PhD, FRCPC ^b,^c,^d, Steven F. Moss, MD ^a,^⁎
^a Division of Gastroenterology, Brown University, 593 Eddy Street, POB 240, Providence, RI 02903, USA
^b Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Toronto, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada
^c Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G0A4, Canada
^d Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

^∗Corresponding author.

Résumé

Helicobacter pylori infection remains one of the most prevalent infections worldwide, causing significant morbidity and mortality from gastric malignancies and peptic ulcers. This article provides a summary of the microbiology and pathogenesis of this bacterium, emphasizing the complex and protean effects of H pylori on gastric epithelial cells, including stem and progenitor populations, and evasion of host immune defenses. Increasing antibiotic resistance has made management more challenging. This article discusses the appropriate diagnostic modality for different clinical scenarios, and the evolving treatment of H pylori infections, including the use of antibiotic susceptibility testing to aid regimen selection.

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Keywords : Helicobacter pylori, Peptic ulcer, Gastric cancer, Microbial pathogenesis, Diagnosis, Antibiotic resistance