Interferon-Gamma Release Assays Differentiate between Mycobacterium avium Complex and Tuberculous Lymphadenitis in Children - 23/08/21

On behalf of the
Spanish Pediatric TB Research Network (pTBred) and the European NontuberculouS MycoBacterial Lymphadenitis in childrEn (ENSeMBLE) Study†
Abstract |
Objectives |
To assess the performance of interferon-gamma release assays (IGRAs) in the differential diagnosis between Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) and tuberculosis (TB) in children affected with subacute/chronic submandibular/cervical lymphadenitis.
Study design |
Multicenter observational study comparing children with microbiologically confirmed MAC lymphadenitis from the European NontuberculouS MycoBacterial Lymphadenitis in childrEn study with children with TB lymphadenitis from the Spanish Network for the Study of Pediatric TB database.
Results |
Overall, 78 patients with MAC and 34 with TB lymphadenitis were included. Among MAC cases, 44 out of 74 (59.5%) had positive tuberculin skin test (TST) results at the 5-mm cut-off, compared with 32 out of 33 (97%) TB cases (P < .001); at the 10-mm cut-off TST results were positive in 23 out of 74 (31.1%) vs 26 out of 31 (83.9%), respectively (P < .001). IGRA results were positive in only 1 out of 32 (3.1%) patients with MAC who had undergone IGRA testing, compared with 21 out of 23 (91.3%) TB cases (P < .001). Agreement between TST and IGRA results was poor in MAC (23.3%; κ = 0.017), but good in TB cases (95.6%; κ = 0.646). IGRAs had a specificity of 96.9% (95% CI 84.3%-99.8%), positive predictive value of 95.4% (95% CI 78.2%-99.8%), and negative predictive value of 93.9% (95% CI 80.4%-98.9%) for TB lymphadenitis.
Conclusions |
In contrast to TST, IGRAs have high specificity, negative predictive value, and positive predictive value for TB lymphadenitis in children with subacute/chronic lymphadenopathy, and consequently can help to discriminate between TB and MAC disease. Therefore, IGRAs are useful tools in the diagnostic work-up of children with lymphadenopathy, particularly when culture and polymerase chain reaction results are negative.
Le texte complet de cet article est disponible en PDF.Keywords : interferon-gamma release assays, nontuberculous mycobacteria, peripheral lymphadenitis, tuberculin skin test, tuberculosis
Abbreviations : BCG, ENSeMBLE, IGRA, MAC, MTB, NTM, PCR, pTBred, QFT, RD-1, TB, TST
Plan
| A.N-J. was supported by “Subvencions per a la Intensificació de Facultatius Especialistes” (Departament de Salut de la Generalitat de Catalunya, Programa PERIS 2016-2020) [SLT008/18/00193]. M.T. has received QuantiFERON assays at reduced pricing or free of charge for other TB diagnostics projects from the manufacturer (Cellestis/Qiagen) in the past, and has received support for conference attendance from Cepheid. The manufacturers had no influence on study design, data collection, analysis or interpretation, writing of the manuscript or decision to submit the data for publication. The other authors declare no conflicts of interest. |
Vol 236
P. 211 - septembre 2021 Retour au numéroBienvenue sur EM-consulte, la référence des professionnels de santé.
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