Meta-analysis: Altered Perceptual Timing Abilities in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder - 27/06/22
, Samuele Cortese, MD, PhD c, d, Michael G. Koelch, MD a, Thomas Hacker, DClinPsych a, bAbstract |
Objective |
We meta-analyzed studies comparing perceptual timing abilities in the range of milliseconds to several seconds in persons with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and neurotypical participants, using the well-established time discrimination, time estimation, time production, and time reproduction paradigms.
Method |
We searched PubMed, OVID databases, and Web of Knowledge through September 17, 2020. From 2,266 records, 55 studies were retained and meta-analyzed with random effects models. We conducted meta-regression analyses to explore moderating effects of task parameters and neuropsychological measures of working memory, attention, and inhibition on timing performance.
Results |
Compared with persons without ADHD, those with ADHD had significantly more severe difficulties in discriminating stimuli of very brief durations, especially in the sub-second range. They also had more variability in estimating the duration of stimuli lasting several seconds. Moreover, they showed deficits in time estimation and time production accuracy, indicative of an accelerated internal clock. Additional deficits in persons with ADHD were also found in the time reproduction paradigm, involving attentional (slower counting at short time intervals due to distraction) and motivational (faster counting at long time intervals due to increased delay aversion) functions.
Conclusion |
There is meta-analytic evidence of a broad range of timing deficits in persons with ADHD. Results have implications for advancing our knowledge in the field (eg, for refinement of recent timing models in ADHD) and clinical practice (eg, testing timing functions to characterize the clinical phenotype of the patient and implementation of interventions to improve timing abilities).
Le texte complet de cet article est disponible en PDF.Key words : time, time perception, perceptual timing, ADHD, meta-analysis
Plan
| The authors have reported no funding for this work. |
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| This article is part of a special series devoted to the subject of child and adolescent attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The series covers a range of topics in the area including genetics, neuroimaging, treatment, and others. The series was edited by Guest Editor Jonathan Posner, MD, along with Deputy Editor Samuele Cortese, MD, PhD. This article was reviewed under and accepted by Guest Editor Jonathan Posner, MD. |
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| Dr. Hacker served as the statistical expert for this research. |
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| Author Contributions |
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| I.M. and T.H. conceived the project, collected and analyzed the data, and revised the manuscript. I.M. drafted the manuscript. S.C. collected and interpreted data and revised the manuscript. M.K. conceived the project and revised the manuscript. All authors approved the final version of the manuscript. |
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| Disclosure: Prof. Koelch has received grants from the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF), Federal Ministry of Health (BMG), and Federal Ministry for Family Affairs, Senior Citizens, Women and Youth (BMFSJ), and by the state of Mecklenburg-West Pomerania. He has served as scientific advisor for Janssen and has received royalties by Beltz, Springer, and Hogrefe. Prof. Cortese has served on the advisory board of the Association for Child and Adolescent Mental Health (ACAMH). He has received honoraria from ACAMH and the British Association for Psychopharmacology. He has served as deputy editor of Evidence-Based Mental Health, associate editor of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, and on the editorial boards of the Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, the Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology, and CNS Drugs. Drs. Marx and Hacker have reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. |
Vol 61 - N° 7
P. 866-880 - juillet 2022 Retour au numéro
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