Dynamic Structural Brain Changes in Anorexia Nervosa: A Replication Study, Mega-analysis, and Virtual Histology Approach - 26/08/22
Abstract |
Objective |
Several, but not all, previous studies of brain structure in anorexia nervosa (AN) have reported reductions in gray matter volume and cortical thickness (CT) in acutely underweight patients, which seem to reverse upon weight gain. The biological mechanisms underlying these dynamic alterations remain unclear.
Method |
In this structural magnetic resonance imaging study, we first replicated and extended previous results in (1) a larger independent sample of 75 acutely underweight adolescent and young adult female patients with AN (acAN; n = 54 rescanned longitudinally after partial weight restoration), 34 weight-recovered individuals with a history of AN (recAN), and 139 healthy controls (HC); and 2) a greater combined sample compiled of both our previous samples and the present replication sample (120 acAN [90 rescanned longitudinally], 68 recAN, and 207 HC). Next, we applied a “virtual histology” approach to the combined data, investigating relations between interregional profiles of differences in CT and profiles of cell-specific gene expression. Finally, we used the ENIGMA toolbox to relate aforementioned CT profiles to normative structural and functional connectomics.
Results |
We confirmed sizeable and widespread reductions of CT as well as volumes (and, to a lesser extent, surface area) in acAN and rapid increases related to partial weight restoration. No differences were detected between either short- or long-term weight-recovered patients and HC. The virtual histology analysis identified associations between gene expression profiles of S1 pyramidal cells and oligodendrocytes and brain regions with more marked differences in CT, whereas the remaining regions were those with a greater expression of genes specific to CA1 pyramidal, astrocytes, microglia, and ependymal cells. Furthermore, the most affected regions were also more functionally and structurally connected.
Conclusion |
The overall data pattern deviates from findings in other psychiatric disorders. Both virtual histology and connectomics analyses indicated that brain regions most affected in AN are also the most energetically demanding.
Le texte complet de cet article est disponible en PDF.Key words : anorexia nervosa, structural MRI, virtual histology, longitudinal study, cerebral cortex
Plan
| Mr. Bahnsen and Dr. Bernardoni contributed equally to this work. |
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| This work was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (EH 367/5-1, EH 367/7-1, and SFB 940), the B. Braun- Stiftung, the Marga and Walter Boll-Stiftung, and the Swiss Anorexia Nervosa Foundation. K.B. was supported by a scholarship from the Technical University Dresden within the Carus Promotionskolleg program. |
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| Author Contributions |
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| Conceptualization: Bahnsen, Bernardoni, King, Paus, Ehrlich |
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| Formal analysis: Bahnsen, Bernardoni, Patel |
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| Funding acquisition: Ehrlich |
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| Investigation: Bahnsen, Bernardoni, King, Geisler, Patel |
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| Methodology: Bahnsen, King, Patel |
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| Project administration: Ehrlich |
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| Resources: Paus |
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| Software: Geisler |
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| Supervision: King, Roessner, Paus, Ehrlich |
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| Visualization: Bahnsen, Bernardoni |
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| Writing – original draft: Bahnsen, Bernardoni, Patel |
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| Writing – review and editing: Bahnsen, Bernardoni, King, Geisler, Weidner, Roessner, Paus, Ehrlich |
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| Disclosure: Prof. Roessner has received lecture fees from Eli Lilly, Janssen-Cilag, Medice, and Novartis and has served as a member of the advisory boards of Eli Lilly and Novartis in the last 2 years. Drs. Bernardoni and King, Profs. Weidner, Paus, and Ehrlich, and Messrs. Bahnsen, Geisler, and Patel have reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. |
Vol 61 - N° 9
P. 1168-1181 - septembre 2022 Retour au numéro
Article précédent
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