Adverse Effects Associated with Multiple Categories of Dietary Supplements: The Military Dietary Supplement Use Study - 20/09/22
, Daniel W. Trone, PhD 2, Ryan A. Steelman, MPH 3, Emily K. Farina, PhD, RD 1, Harris R. Lieberman, PhD 1Abstract |
Background |
About 50% of Americans and 70% of US military service members (SMs) regularly use dietary supplements (DSs) and some are associated with adverse effects (AEs). SMs are more likely to use unsafe DSs than civilians.
Objective |
The aim of this investigation was to examine the prevalence of, and factors associated with, AEs.
Design |
Cross-sectional.
Participants |
A stratified random sample of 200,000 US SMs from the Air Force, Army, Marine Corps, and Navy were obtained from military workforce records. Eighteen percent (n = 26,681) of successfully contacted SMs (n = 146,365) volunteered to participate between December 2018 and August 2019. Participants completed a detailed online questionnaire on demographic characteristics, lifestyle factors, and AEs associated with DS use.
Main outcome measure |
Prevalence of, and factors associated with, AEs among DS users.
Statistical analysis |
Prevalence of AEs was calculated by DS categories. Linear trends, χ2 statistics, and multivariable logistic regression examined associations between AEs and demographic characteristics, lifestyle factors, and number DSs consumed.
Results |
Proportion of DS users (≥ 1 time /week) reporting ≥1 AE was 18% overall, 20% for combination products (ie, weight loss, muscle building, and before/after workout supplements), 8% for purported prohormones, 6% for protein/amino acid products, 6% for multivitamin/multiminerals, 6% for individual vitamins/minerals, 4% for herbal products, and 2% for joint health products. Combination products are very popular in military personnel with nearly half of SMs regularly taking them. In multivariable analysis, reporting AEs were independently associated with female gender, younger age, higher body mass index, smoking, higher alcohol intake, service in the Army, Navy, or Marine Corps (compared with Air Force), and consumption of a greater number of DSs.
Conclusions |
A large proportion of SMs report experiencing AEs, especially users of combination products and purported prohormone supplements. This study presents contemporary data collected from a very large at-risk population on potentially hazardous categories of DSs.
Le texte complet de cet article est disponible en PDF.Keywords : Multivitamin/multimineral, Vitamin, Mineral, Prohormone, Combination products
Plan
| STATEMENT OF POTENTIAL CONFLICT OF INTEREST No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors. |
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| FUNDING/SUPPORT This work was supported by the Department of Defense Center Alliance for Nutrition and Dietary Supplement Research of the Defense Medical Research and Development Program, the US Army Medical Research and Development Command. |
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| We are employees of the U.S. Government. This work was prepared as part of our official duties. Title 17, U.S.C. §105 provides that copyright protection under this title is not available for any work of the U.S. Government. Title 17, U.S.C. §101 defines a U.S. Government work as work prepared by a military service member or employee of the U.S. Government as part of that person’s official duties. This work was supported by the Department of Defense Center Alliance for Nutrition and Dietary Supplement Research of the Defense Medical Research and Development Program, the U.S. Army Medical Research and Development Command (USAMRDC) under work unit no. N1335. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Navy, Department of Defense, nor the U.S. Government. The study protocol was approved by the Naval Health Research Center Institutional Review Board in compliance with all applicable Federal regulations governing the protection of human subjects. Research data were derived from an approved Naval Health Research Center, Institutional Review Board protocol number NHRC.2016.0025.The opinions contained herein are the private views of the authors and are not to be construed as official or as reflecting the views of the Army or the Department of Defense. Citations of commercial organizations and trade names in this report do not constitute an official Department of the Army endorsement or approval of the products or services of these organizations. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. |
Vol 122 - N° 10
P. 1851-1863 - octobre 2022 Retour au numéro
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