Genetics of adnexal tumors: An update - 20/09/23

Doi : 10.1016/j.annder.2023.03.003

T. Kervarrec ^a,^b,^⁎ , P. Sohier ^a,^c,^d, D. Pissaloux ^e, A. de la Fouchardiere ^e, B. Cribier ^a,^f, M. Battistella ^a,^g, N. Macagno ^a,^h,ⁱ
^a CARADERM Network, Lille, France
^b Department of Pathology, University Hospital Center of Tours, Tours, France
^c Department of Pathology, Cochin Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, AP-HP Centre – University of Paris Cité, Paris, France
^d Faculty of Medicine, University of Paris Cité, Paris, France
^e Department of Pathology, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
^f Dermatology Clinic, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Hôpital Civil, Strasbourg, France
^g Department of Pathology, Saint Louis Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, AP-HP Centre – Paris 7, Paris, France
^h Department of Pathology, AP-HM, University Hospital of la Timone, Marseille, France
ⁱ University of Aix-Marseille, INSERM U1251, MMG, Marseille, France

^⁎Corresponding author at: Department of Pathology, Hôpital Trousseau, CHRU de Tours, 37044 TOURS Cedex 09, France.Department of PathologyHôpital TrousseauCHRU de Tours37044 TOURS Cedex 09France

Abstract

Cutaneous adnexal tumors form a vast heterogeneous group that include frequent entities that are mostly benign, as well as rare tumors that are occasionally malignant. In contrast to cutaneous tumors arising from the interfollicular epidermis that develop as a result of accumulation of UV-induced DNA damage (basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma), the oncogenesis of adnexal tumors is related to a broad spectrum of genetic mechanisms (e.g., point mutation, fusion genes, viral integration, etc.). In this setting, specific and recurrent genetic alterations have been progressively reported, and these allow better classification of these entities. For certain of them, immunohistochemical tools are now available, enabling precise integrated histological and molecular diagnosis since certain entities are linked to well-defined alterations. In this context, we aim in this review to summarize the main molecular tools currently available for the classification of adnexal tumors.

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Keywords : Adnexal tumors, Hair follicle, Sebaceous glands, Sweat glands, Genetics