Dietary Patterns Among US Children: A Cluster Analysis - 17/05/24
, Jessie X. Fan, PhD 2Abstract |
Background |
Most children in the United States consume low-quality diets. Identifying children’s dietary patterns and their association with sociodemographic characteristics is important for designing tailored youth dietary interventions.
Objective |
This study’s objective was to use cluster analysis to investigate children’s dietary patterns and these patterns’ associations with sociodemographic characteristics.
Design |
Data from two cycles (2015-2016 and 2017-2018) of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were evaluated to examine dietary patterns.
Participants and setting |
Participants included 3,044 US youth aged 2 to 11 years who completed at least 1 valid 24-hour diet recall.
Main outcome measures |
The main outcome measures were Healthy Eating Index (HEI) 2015 component and composite scores.
Statistical analyses performed |
A cluster analysis was performed on standardized scores of 11 components of the HEI-2015 to identify dietary patterns. One logistic analysis combined the two higher-HEI score clusters and the 2 lower-HEI score clusters to form a 3-category variable of higher-, medium-, and lower-HEI score clusters. Another logistic analysis contrasted 2 higher- and then the 2 lower-HEI clusters with each other to examine sociodemographic factors contributing to cluster membership.
Results |
Five clusters were identified, each displaying a distinct dietary pattern. Older, non-Hispanic Black, and overweight children had higher odds of being in the higher-HEI clusters than the medium-HEI cluster. Being older and non-Hispanic Black were linked to higher odds of being in the lower-HEI clusters than the medium-HEI cluster. Conversely, being Mexican American and living with a college-educated reference person were associated with lower odds of being in the lower-HEI clusters compared with the medium-HEI cluster. Among the higher-HEI clusters, Mexican American and Asian American children had higher odds of being in the Pescatarian cluster. Among the lower-HEI clusters, children who were racially or ethnically minoritized had lower odds of being in the Excess Sugar cluster.
Conclusions |
Children in this study displayed different dietary patterns, with key sociodemographic variation.
Le texte complet de cet article est disponible en PDF.Keywords : Dietary patterns, Diet quality, Children, Cluster analysis
Plan
| STATEMENT OF POTENTIAL CONFLICT OF INTEREST P. Fielding-Singh serves on the Board of Directors for the nonprofits Hunger Free America and 18 Reasons. |
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| FUNDING/SUPPORT There is no funding to disclose. |
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| AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS P. Fielding-Singh and J. Fan codeveloped and designed the study. J. Fan gathered and analyzed the data. P. Fielding-Singh wrote the first draft of the manuscript with contributions from J. Fan. All authors reviewed and edited subsequent manuscript drafts. |
Vol 124 - N° 6
P. 700-712 - juin 2024 Retour au numéro
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