Although predominant in routine practice, non-ischemic cardiogenic shock (NICS) remains underrepresented in past studies, mainly focused on ischemic cardiogenic shock (CS).

This study aims to describe the current NICS picture and define its independent correlates of short- and long-term outcomes.

FRENSHOCK is a prospective registry including 772 CS patients from 49 centers. One-year mortality was the primary outcome. One-month mortality and the composite of 1-year mortality, heart transplantation (HTx), or ventricular assistance device (VAD) were secondary outcomes.

Within 772 patients included, 492 (63.7%) were NICS (Figure 1). One-month and 1-year mortality rates were 25.6 and 45.7%, with a combined endpoint of 1-year mortality, HTx, or VAD of 53.9%. Multivariate analysis showed five independent factors for 1-year mortality: age (per year: aHR 1.03 [1.01–1.05], P<0.01), chronic kidney disease (CKD) (aHR 1.87 [1.25–2.80], P<0.01), norepinephrine use (aHR 1.52 [1.02–2.26], P=0.04), active cancer (aHR 1.91 [1.07–3.42], P=0.03) and acute renal replacement therapy (aHR 1.57 [1.01–2.46], P=0.049). Age, CKD, and norepinephrine were also predictive of 1-month mortality and 1-year mortality and/or HTx and/or VAD. Additionally, 1-month mortality was associated with septic triggers, and 1-year mortality and/or HTx and/or VAD with acute mechanical circulatory support, NYHA stage≥3, and volume expansion.

In this large study, NICS accounted for almost two-thirds of all CS cases, with substantial rates of short- and long-term mortality. Future studies should evaluate interventions to improve early stratification and management.