Coccidioidomycosis - 30/01/25

Doi : 10.1016/j.idc.2024.11.012

Fariba M. Donovan, MD ^a,^b, Neil M. Ampel, MD ^c, George R. Thompson, MD, FIDSA, FECMM ^d,^e,^f,^⁎
^a Internal Medicine, Valley Fever Center for Excellence, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
^b Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Arizona Medical Center, Tucson, AZ, USA
^c College of Medicine, University of Arizona, 1656 E Mabel Street, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
^d Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
^e Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
^f Center for Valley Fever, Davis, California, USA

^∗Corresponding author. Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California Davis Medical Center, 4150 V Street, PSSB, G500, Sacramento, CA 95817.Department of Internal MedicineDivision of Infectious DiseasesUniversity of California Davis Medical Center4150 V StreetPSSBG500SacramentoCA95817

Résumé

Coccidioidomycosis is the clinical disease caused by the dimorphic pathogenic fungi Coccidioides immitis and C posadasii. The number of clinically recognized coccidioidomycosis cases continues to increase yearly including in regions outside the traditional regions of endemicity. Following inhalation of Coccidioides spores, the course may range from asymptomatic exposure with resultant immunity, to a subacute pulmonary illness, to life-threatening disseminated infection. This review will summarize recent advances in our understanding of the infection and will include the ecology of Coccidioides, epidemiology and risk factors for infection, vaccine and novel antifungals in development, and management of immunosuppressed patients.

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Keywords : Valley fever, Spherule, Endospore, Coccidioides, Treatment, Antifungals