This case presents a unique scenario of bilateral camptodactyly in a patient with type 1 diabetes mellitus, shedding light on an uncommon musculoskeletal complication. It contributes to the scientific literature by exploring the intricate relationship between diabetes and musculoskeletal disorders, emphasizing the need for heightened awareness and comprehensive management strategies.

The patient, a 34-year-old with longstanding type 1 diabetes, exhibits progressive bilateral camptodactyly, accompanied by peripheral neuropathy and bilateral cataracts. Key clinical findings include permanent flexion deformities of the proximal interphalangeal joints, positive Phalen's and Tinel's signs, and reduced grip strength, highlighting the complex nature of the musculoskeletal manifestations of diabetes.

The main diagnoses in this case involve type 1 diabetes mellitus, bilateral camptodactyly, peripheral neuropathy, and potential genetic predisposition to Fabry disease. Therapeutic interventions include insulin therapy for diabetes management, pharmacological interventions for dyslipidemia, surgical intervention for cataracts, and conservative measures such as splinting and occupational therapy for camptodactyly. Despite some stabilization in glycemic control, the patient's hand deformities show limited improvement, emphasizing the challenges in managing complex musculoskeletal complications of diabetes.

The main takeaway from this case is the importance of considering atypical complications in diabetes management and adopting a multidisciplinary approach to address complex clinical presentations. It underscores the need for ongoing research into the diverse effects of diabetes on the musculoskeletal system to enhance patient care and outcomes.