The Longitudinal Relationship Between Diet Quality and Executive Functioning Development of Hispanic Preschoolers in Houston, Texas - 19/02/25
Abstract |
Background |
Diet quality has been found to be related to cognitive health in school-aged children. However, this relationship remains understudied among Hispanic preschool-aged children, who are vulnerable to poor dietary habits and low cognitive development due to socioeconomic, cultural, and structural disparities.
Objective |
This longitudinal study evaluated whether the diet quality of preschool-aged children would be associated with executive functions (EFs) in later childhood.
Design |
This is a secondary analysis of a longitudinal study of Hispanic preschool-aged children (age 4 and 5 years) at baseline (Time 1) and 18 months (Time 2).
Participants and setting |
This study included 185 mother-child dyads with complete data at Time 1, recruited through Head Start centers in Houston, TX, beginning in 2011.
Main outcome measures |
Mothers reported on their child’s dietary intake via 3 24-hour recalls, which was used to calculate Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2010 component and total scores. Laboratory tasks assessed cold EFs (tapping and Flexible Item Selection Tasks) and hot EFs (delay of gratification and gift-wrapping tasks). Whereas higher scores on tapping, Flexible Item Selection Task, and delay of gratification tasks represent a high EF, higher scores in gift-wrapping task represent a low EF.
Statistical analyses performed |
Hierarchical linear regression analyses assessed the relationship between diet quality, as measured by HEI-2010 total and component scores, at Time 1 (independent variables) and EF outcomes (dependent variables) at Time 2, controlling for child sex, age, body mass index z score, and EF at Time 1.
Results |
HEI-2010 component score for fatty acids (b = –.13; P = .04) and seafood and plant proteins (b = .09; P = .05), were respectively related to later cold and hot EFs of Hispanic preschool-aged children. Other HEI components or the overall score did not predict EFs.
Conclusions |
This study shows that specific HEI components support cold and hot EFs development among Hispanic preschool-aged children, but total HEI-2010 score does not. Experimental research is needed to assess the influence of dietary interventions on cognitive development of Hispanic preschool-aged children.
Le texte complet de cet article est disponible en PDF.Keywords : Cognitive health, Diet, Early childhood, Ethnic minority, Head Start
Plan
| Supplementary materials: The Figure is available at www.jandonline.org |
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| STATEMENT OF POTENTIAL CONFLICT OF INTEREST No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors. |
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| FUNDING/SUPPORT This research was supported by funds from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (grant R01 HD062567). This work is also a publication of the U.S. Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service (USDA/ARS) Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine (Houston, TX), funded in part by the USDA/ARS (cooperative agreement 58-3092-0-001). The contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the USDA, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement from the US government. |
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| ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors thank the following staff who were instrumental in collecting and coding the data for this study: Nilda Micheli, Monica Lopez, Ashley Beck, Veronica Bonilla-Pacheco, Rachael Hill, Yadi Olivera, Kayla Weinmann, and Noemi Aguilar. |
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| AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS The authors’ responsibilities were as follows: S. O. Hughes and T. G. Power designed and conducted the research; K. Vollrath assisted with the dietary analysis; A. B. Cepni analyzed data; A. B. Cepni and T. A. Ledoux wrote the first and subsequent versions of the manuscript; and S. O. Hughes had final responsibility for final content of this article. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. |
Vol 125 - N° 3
P. 386 - mars 2025 Retour au numéro
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