Sunscreens part 1: Mechanisms and efficacy - 19/03/25

Doi : 10.1016/j.jaad.2024.02.065

Sara Abdel Azim, MS ^a, Liat Bainvoll, BS ^b, Natalia Vecerek, MD ^c, Vincent A. DeLeo, MD ^c, Brandon L. Adler, MD ^c,^⁎
^a Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia
^b Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
^c Department of Dermatology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California

^∗Correspondence to: Brandon L. Adler, MD, Department of Dermatology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1441 Eastlake Ave, Ezralow Tower, Suite 5301, Los Angeles, CA 90033.Department of DermatologyKeck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern California1441 Eastlake AveEzralow TowerSuite 5301Los AngelesCA90033

Abstract

As our knowledge of the harmful effects of ultraviolet radiation continues to evolve, sunscreen remains an integral part of a comprehensive photoprotection strategy against multiple endpoints of ultraviolet radiation-mediated damage. Part 1 of this review covers sunscreen active and additive ingredient properties, mechanisms of action and gaps in coverage. Following an overview of sunscreen's efficacy in protecting against sunburn, photocarcinogenesis, photoaging, pigmentary disorders, and idiopathic photodermatoses, we highlight considerations for product use and selection in children and individuals with skin of color.

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Key words : actinic keratoses, antioxidants, basal cell carcinoma, chemical filters, encapsulation, inorganic filters, iron oxide, keratinocyte carcinoma, melanoma, melasma, nanoparticles, organic filters, photoaging, photodermatoses, photoprotection, physical filters, pigmentation, squamous cell carcinoma, sunburn, sunscreen, tinted sunscreen, ultraviolet light, visible light

Abbreviations used : BCC, BIPOC, KCs, PMLE, SCC, SOC, SPF, SPT, TiO₂, UVR, VL, ZnO