Collaborative Outcomes Study on Health and Functioning During Infection Times (COH-FIT): Global and Risk-Group Stratified Course of Well-Being and Mental Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Adolescents - 27/03/25
Doi : 10.1016/j.jaac.2024.07.932
Marco Solmi, MD, PhD 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, #, Trevor Thompson, PhD 6, #, Samuele Cortese, MD, PhD 4, #, Andrés Estradé, MSc 3, 7, #, Agorastos Agorastos, PhD 8, Joaquim Radua, MD, PhD 3, 9, 10, Elena Dragioti, PhD 11, 12, Davy Vancampfort, PhD 13, Lau Caspar Thygesen, PhD 14, Harald Aschauer, MD 15, Monika Schlögelhofer, MA 15, Elena Aschauer, MD, MSc 15, Andres Andres Schneeberger, MD 16, Christian G. Huber, MD 17, 18, Gregor Hasler, MD 19, Philippe Conus, MD 20, Kim Q. Do Cuénod, PhD 20, Roland von Känel, MD 21, Gonzalo Arrondo, PhD 10, 22, Paolo Fusar-Poli, MD, PhD 3, 23, 24, Philip Gorwood, MD, PhD 25, 26, Pierre-Michel Llorca, MD, PhD 27, Marie-Odile Krebs, MD, PhD 26, 28, Elisabetta Scanferla, PhD 25, Taishiro Kishimoto, MD, PhD 29, Golam Rabbani, FCPS 30, Karolina Skonieczna-Żydecka, PhD 31, Paolo Brambilla, MD, PhD 32, 33, Angela Favaro, MD, PhD 34, Akihiro Takamiya, MD, PhD 29, Leonardo Zoccante, MD 35, Marco Colizzi, MD, PhD 36, Julie Bourgin, MD, PhD 37, Karol Kamiński, MD, PhD 38, Maryam Moghadasin, PhD 39, Soraya Seedat, PhD 40, Evan Matthews, PhD 41, John Wells, PhD 41, Emilia Vassilopoulou, PhD 42, Ary Gadelha, PhD 43, Kuan-Pin Su, MD, PhD 44, 45, Jun Soo Kwon, MD, PhD 46, Minah Kim, MD, PhD 47, Tae Young Lee, MD, PhD 48, Oleg Papsuev, MD, PhD 49, Denisa Manková, PhD 50, Andrea Boscutti, MD 51, Cristiano Gerunda 34 : Electronics and Telecommunications Engineer, Diego Saccon, MD 52, Elena Righi, PhD 53, Francesco Monaco, MD 54, Giovanni Croatto, MD 55, Guido Cereda, MD 32, Jacopo Demurtas, PhD 53, Natascia Brondino, MD, PhD 24, Nicola Veronese, MD 56, Paolo Enrico, MD 32, Pierluigi Politi, MD, PhD 24, Valentina Ciappolino, MD 57, 58, Andrea Pfennig, MD, MSc 59, Andreas Bechdolf, PhD 5, Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg, MD 60, Kai G. Kahl, MD 61, Katharina Domschke, PhD 62, Michael Bauer, MD, PhD 59, Nikolaos Koutsouleris, MD 63, Sibylle Winter, MD 5, Stefan Borgwardt, MD 64, Istvan Bitter, MD 65, Judit Balazs, DSc 66, 67, Pál Czobor, PhD 65, Zsolt Unoka, PhD 65, Dimitris Mavridis, PhD 12, Konstantinos Tsamakis, PhD 3, Vasilios P. Bozikas, MD, PhD 8, Chavit Tunvirachaisakul, MD, PhD 68, Michael Maes, MD, PhD 68, Teerayuth Rungnirundorn, MSc 68, Thitiporn Supasitthumrong, MD, FRCPsychT 68, Ariful Haque, MBBS, MPH 30, Andre R. Brunoni, MD, PhD, MBA 69, Carlos Gustavo Costardi, MD 43, Felipe Barreto Schuch, PhD 70, 71, 72, Guilherme Polanczyk, MD, PhD 69, Jhoanne Merlyn Luiz, PhD 73, Lais Fonseca, PhD 43, Luana V. Aparicio, MD 69, Samira S. Valvassori, PhD 73, Merete Nordentoft, DMSc 74, Per Vendsborg, DSc 75, Sofie Have Hoffmann, MSc 14, Jihed Sehli, MD 76, Norman Sartorius, MD, PhD, FRCPsych 77, Sabina Heuss, PhD 78, Daniel Guinart, MD 79, 80, Jane Hamilton, PhD 81, John Kane, MD 82, Jose Rubio, MD 82, Michael Sand, PhD 83, Ai Koyanagi, MD 84, Aleix Solanes, PhD 9, Alvaro Andreu-Bernabeu, MD 85, Antonia San José Cáceres, PhD 85, Celso Arango, MD 85, Covadonga M. Díaz-Caneja, MD, PhD 85, Diego Hidalgo-Mazzei, MD, PhD 9, Eduard Vieta, MD, PhD 9, Javier Gonzalez-Peñas, PhD 85, Lydia Fortea, MSc 9, Mara Parellada, MD, PhD 85, Miquel A. Fullana, PhD 9, Norma Verdolini, PhD 9, 86, Eva Andrlíková, PhD 50, Karolina Janků, PhD 50, Mark J. Millan, PhD 87, Mihaela Honciuc, MD 27, Anna Moniuszko-Malinowska, MD, PhD 38, Igor Łoniewski, MD, PhD 31, 88, Jerzy Samochowiec, MD, PhD 31, Łukasz Kiszkiel, PhD 89, Maria Marlicz, MD 31, Paweł Sowa, PhD 38, Wojciech Marlicz, MD, PhD, FACG, FRCPE 31, 90, Georgina Spies, PhD 40, Brendon Stubbs, PhD 3, Joseph Firth, PhD 91, Sarah Sullivan, PhD 92, Asli Enez Darcin, MD 93, Hatice Aksu, MD 94, Nesrin Dilbaz, MD 95, Onur Noyan, MD 95, Momoko Kitazawa, MA 29, Shunya Kurokawa, MD, PhD 29, Yuki Tazawa, PhD 29, Alejandro Anselmi, PhD 7, Cecilia Cracco, PhD 7, Ana Inés Machado, PhD 7, Natalia Estrade, MSc 7, Diego De Leo, DSc 96, Jackie Curtis, MBBS Hons 97, Michael Berk, PhD 98, Andre F. Carvalho, MD, PhD 98, Philip Ward, PhD 99, Scott Teasdale, PhD 99, Simon Rosenbaum, PhD 99, Wolfgang Marx, PhD 98, Adrian Vasile Horodnic, PhD 100, Liviu Oprea, PhD 100, Ovidiu Alexinschi, PhD 101, Petru Ifteni, MD, PhD 102, Serban Turliuc, MD, PhD 100, Tudor Ciuhodaru, MD, PhD 103, Alexandra Bolos, MD, PhD 100, Valentin Matei, MD, PhD 104, Dorien H. Nieman, PhD 105, Iris Sommer, MD, PhD 106, Jim van Os, PhD 107, Therese van Amelsvoort, MD, PhD 108, Ching-Fang Sun, MD 45, 109, Ta-wei Guu, PhD 45, 65, 110, Can Jiao, PhD 111, Jieting Zhang, PhD 111, Jialin Fan, PhD 111, Liye Zou, PhD 111, Xin Yu, MD 112, Xinli Chi, PhD 111, Philippe de Timary, MD, PhD 113, 114, Ruud van Winkel, PhD 13, Bernardo Ng, MD 115, Edilberto Pena, MSc 115, Ramon Arellano, MHA 115, Raquel Roman, MD, MSc 115, Thelma Sanchez, MSc 115, Larisa Movina, PhD 49, Pedro Morgado, MD, PhD 116, 117, Sofia Brissos, MD 118, Oleg Aizberg, MD, PhD 119, Anna Mosina, MD 120, Damir Krinitski, MD 121, James Mugisha, PhD 122, Dena Sadeghi-Bahmani, PhD 18, 123, Farshad Sheybani, PhD 124, Masoud Sadeghi, PhD 125, Samira Hadi, PhD 39, Serge Brand, PhD 17, 18, 125, 126, 127, Antonia Errazuriz, PhD 128, Nicolas Crossley, PhD 128, Dragana Ignjatovic Ristic, PhD 129, Carlos López-Jaramillo, MD, PhD 130, Dimitris Efthymiou, MSc 131, Praveenlal Kuttichira, MD 132, Roy Abraham Kallivayalil, MD 133, Afzal Javed, FRCPsych 134, Muhammad Iqbal Afridi, FRCP 135, Bawo James, MD 136, Omonefe Joy Seb-Akahomen, MBBS, FMCPsychiatry 137, Jess Fiedorowicz, MD, PhD 1, 2, Jeff Daskalakis, MD, PhD, FRCP 138, Lakshmi N. Yatham, MBBS 139, Lin Yang, PhD 140, Tarek Okasha, MD, PhD 141, Aïcha Dahdouh, MD, PhD 142, Jari Tiihonen, MD, PhD 10, 143, Jae Il Shin, MD, PhD 144, Jinhee Lee, MD, PhD 145, Ahmed Mhalla, MD 146, Lotfi Gaha, MD, PhD 146, Takoua Brahim, MD 146, Kuanysh Altynbekov, PhD 147, Nikolay Negay, PhD 147, Saltanat Nurmagambetova, PhD 147, Yasser Abu Jamei, MD, MSc 148, Mark Weiser, MD 149, Christoph U. Correll, MD 5, 79, 82, ⁎ 
1 University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Canada
2 Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (OHRI), Ottawa, Canada
3 King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
4 University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
5 Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
6 University of Greenwich, London, United Kingdom
7 Universidad Católica del Uruguay, Montevideo, Uruguay
8 Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
9 University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
10 Karolinska Institutet in Stockholm, Sweden
11 Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
12 University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
13 Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
14 University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
15 BioPsyC - Biopsychosocial Corporation, Vienna, Austria
16 University of California San Diego, California, United States
17 University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
18 Universitäre Psychiatrische Kliniken Basel (UPK), Basel, Switzerland
19 University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
20 University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
21 University of Zurich, Switzerland
22 University of Navarra in Pamplona, Spain
23 South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
24 University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
25 Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
26 Institute de Psychiatrie et Neuroscience de Paris, Paris, France
27 Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
28 Université de Paris, Paris, France
29 Keio University in Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
30 National Foundation of Mental Health of Bangladesh, Bangladesh
31 Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
32 University of Milan, Milan, Italy
33 Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
34 University of Padua, Padua, Italy
35 UOC Infanzia, Adolescenza, Famiglia e Consultori, Verona, Italy
36 University of Udine, Italy
37 GHNE, France
38 Medical University of Białystok, Bialystok, Poland
39 Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
40 Stellenbosch University, South Africa
41 South East Technological University in Waterford, Ireland
42 University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus
43 Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
44 An-Nan Hospital in Tainan, Taiwan
45 China Medical University Hospital in Taichung, Taiwan
46 Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
47 Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
48 Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
49 Moscow Research Institute of Psychiatry, Moscow, Russia
50 National Institute of Mental Health in Klecany, Czech Republic
51 UTHealth in Houston, United States
52 AULSS4 Veneto Orientale, Italy
53 University of Modena and Reggio Emilia in Modena, Italy
54 ASL Salerno and the European Biomedical Research Institute of Salerno (EBRIS) in Salerno, Italy
55 University of Padova, Padova, Italy
56 University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
57 Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Ss
58 Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, Alessandria, Italy
59 Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
60 Heidelberg University, Germany
61 Hannover Medical School, Germany
62 University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
63 Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
64 University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
65 Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
66 Eotvos Lorand University, Budapest, Hungary
67 Bjørknes University College, Oslo, Norway
68 Chulalongkorn University, Thailand
69 Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
70 Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
71 Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Providencia, Chile
72 Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
73 Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
74 University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
75 Psykiatrifonden, Copenhagen, Denmark
76 Le Jolimont Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Fribourg, Switzerland
77 Association for the Improvement of Mental Health Programmes (AMH), Switzerland
78 FHNW University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Switzerland
79 Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, New York, USA
80 Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
81 University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, United States
82 Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, and the Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, New York
83 S2 Consulting LLC
84 Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
85 Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
86 Mental Health Center of Perugia, Italy
87 Glasgow University, Glasgow, United Kingdom
88 Sanprobi Sp. z o.o. Sp. k, Poland
89 University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
90 Centre for Digestive Diseases Endoklinika, Szczecin, Poland
91 University of Manchester, United Kingdom
92 University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
93 Istanbul Topkapı University, Istanbul, Turkey
94 Adnan Menderes University Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Aydın, Turkey
95 Uskudar University, Istanbul, Turkey
96 Griffith University, South East Queensland, Australia
97 Mindgardens Neuroscience Network, Sydney, Australia
98 Deakin University, Victoria, Australia
99 UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
100 University of Medicine and Pharmacy Grigore T. Popa, Iasi, Romania
101 Institute of Psychiatry "Socola", Iasi, Romania
102 Transilvania University of Brasov, Brasov, Romania
103 Emergency Hospital "Nicolae Oblu", Iasi, Romania
104 University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila" Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
105 Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands
106 University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
107 Utrecht University Medical Centre, Utrecht, Netherlands
108 Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
109 Carilion Clinic Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA, USA
110 China Medical University Beigang Hospital, Taiwan
111 Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
112 Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Pekin, China
113 UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
114 Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
115 Asociación Psiquiátrica Mexicana, Mexico
116 University of Minho, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
117 ICVS/3B’s - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
118 Lisbon’s Psychiatric Hospital Centre, Portugal
119 Belarusian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Belarus
120 Clienia AG, Switzerland
121 Integrated Psychiatry Winterthur (IPW), Switzerland
122 Kyambogo University, Kampala, Uganda
123 Stanford University, California, USA
124 Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
125 Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
126 Psychiatric Clinics of the University of Basel, Basel Switzerland
127 Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
128 Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
129 University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
130 University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
131 Nous Therapy Center, Thessaloniki, Greece
132 Jubilee Mission Medical College & Research Institute, Thrissur, India
133 Pushpagiri Institute of Medical Sciences, Thiruvalla, Kerala, India
134 Pakistan Psychiatric Research Centre-Fountain House, Lahore, Pakistan
135 Faculty of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, and Jinnah Sindh Medical University in Karachi, Pakistan
136 Tees Esk & Wear Valleys NHS Foundation Trust, UK
137 Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Edo State, Nigeria
138 UC San Diego, California, USA
139 University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
140 Alberta Health Services and the University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
141 Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
142 Ora University, Oran, Algeria
143 University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
144 Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
145 Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
146 University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
147 Republican Scientific and Practical Center of Mental Health, Almaty, Kazakhstan
148 Gaza Community Mental Health Programme, Gaza, Palestine
149 Sheba Medical Center, Israel
∗Correspondence to Christoph U. Correll, MD, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Charité University Medical Center, Campus Virchow, Augustenburger Platz 1, D-13353, Berlin, GermanyDepartment of Child and Adolescent PsychiatryPsychosomatic Medicine and PsychotherapyCharité University Medical CenterCampus VirchowAugustenburger Platz 1DBerlin13353Germany
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Abstract |
Objective |
To identify the COVID-19 pandemic impact on well-being/mental health, coping strategies, and risk factors in adolescents worldwide.
Method |
This study was based on an anonymous online multi-national/multi-language survey in the general population (representative/weighted non-representative samples, 14-17 years of age), measuring change in well-being (World Health Organization–Five Well-Being Index [WHO-5]/range = 0-100) and psychopathology (validated composite P-score/range = 0-100), WHO-5 <50 and <29, pre- vs during COVID-19 pandemic (April 26, 2020-June 26, 2022). Coping strategies and 9 a priori– defined individual/cumulative risk factors were measured. A χ2, penalized cubic splines, linear regression, and correlation analyses were conducted.
Results |
Analyzing 8,115 of 8,762 initiated surveys (representative = 75.1%), the pre-pandemic WHO-5 and P-score remained stable during the study (excluding relevant recall bias/drift), but worsened during the pandemic by 5.55 ± 17.13 (SD) and 6.74 ± 16.06 points, respectively (effect size d = 0.27 and d = 0.28). The proportion of adolescents with WHO-5 scores suggesting depression screening (<50) and major depression (<29) increased from 9% to 17% and 2% to 6%. WHO-5 worsened (descending magnitude, with cumulative effect) in adolescents with a mental or physical disorder, female gender, and with school closure. Results were similar for the P-score, with the exception of school closure (not significant) and living in a low-income country, as well as not living in a large city (significant). Changes were significantly but minimally related to COVID-19 deaths/restrictions, returning to near–pre-pandemic values after >2 years. The 3 most subjectively effective coping strategies were Internet use, exercise/walking, and social contacts.
Conclusion |
Overall, well-being/mental health worsened (small effect sizes) during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic, especially in vulnerable subpopulations. Identified at-risk groups, association with pandemic-related measures, and coping strategies can inform individual behaviors and global public health strategies.
Plain language summary |
The impact of COVID-19 and related restrictions on the mental health of children and adolescents remains unclear. This study conducted an anonymous online survey with over 8,100 adolescents aged 14 to 17 years worldwide. Results showed a significant decline in wellbeing, with depression rates increasing from 9% to 17% returning to near- pre-pandemic values after about 2 years. Adolescents with preexisting mental health conditions, female youth, and those affected by school closures were particularly vulnerable. Effective coping strategies included internet use, exercise, and social contacts, highlighting areas for public health focus to support youth during pandemics.
Study preregistration information |
Physical and mental health impact of COVID-19 on children, adolescents, and their families: The Collaborative Outcomes study on Health and Functioning during Infection Times - Children and Adolescents (COH-FIT-C&A); j.jad.2021.09.090
Diversity & Inclusion Statement |
We worked to ensure sex and gender balance in the recruitment of human participants. We worked to ensure race, ethnic, and/or other types of diversity in the recruitment of human participants. We worked to ensure that the study questionnaires were prepared in an inclusive way. The author list of this paper includes contributors from the location and/or community where the research was conducted who participated in the data collection, design, analysis, and/or interpretation of the work. We actively worked to promote inclusion of historically underrepresented racial and/or ethnic groups in science in our author group. We actively worked to promote sex and gender balance in our author group. One or more of the authors of this paper self-identifies as a member of one or more historically underrepresented racial and/or ethnic groups in science.
Le texte complet de cet article est disponible en PDF.Key words : COVID-19, pandemic, survey, WHO-5, p-factor, well-being
Plan
| Drs. Solmi, Thompson, Cortese, and Estradé are joint first authors of this work. |
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| Christoph U. Correll has received support from the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany. Samuele Cortese, NIHR Research Professor (NIHR303122) is funded by the NIHR for this research project. The views expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the NIHR, NHS or the UK Department of Health and Social Care. Samuele Cortese is also supported by NIHR grants NIHR203684, NIHR203035, NIHR130077, NIHR128472, RP-PG-0618-20003 and by grant 101095568-HORIZONHLTH- 2022-DISEASE-07-03 from the European Research Executive Agency. Lau Caspar Thygesen has received support from Trygfonden (ID-no.: 151903). Harald Aschauer, Elena Aschauer, and Monika Schlögelhofer have received support from the Biopsychosocial Corporation, Vienna, Austria www.biopsyc.at/. Harald Aschauer, Elena Aschauer, and Monika Schlögelhofer have also received support from Medizinisch-Wissenschaftlicher Fonds des Bürgermeisters der Bundeshauptstadt Wien; Project number: COVID021; (Scientific Funds of the Major of Vienna), Austria. Andres R. Schneeberger, Christian G. Huber, Gregor Hasler, Philippe Conus, and Roland von Känel have received support from the Psychiatric Services Grisons, Department of Adult Psychiatry; Universitäre Psychiatrische Kliniken Basel (UPK), University of Basel; University of Fribourg, Fribourg Network of Mental Health (RFSM); University of Lausanne, Department of Psychiatry; University Hospital Zurich, Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine. Andres R. Schneeberger, Christian G. Huber, Gregor Hasler, Philippe Conus, Roland von Känel, and Undine E. Lang have contributed funding from non-restricted personal grants for ethics committee approval, translation to Romansch, acquisition of a Swiss representative sample, and acquisition of participants via a letter campaign. Gonzalo Arrondo has received support from the Department of Health Planning, Evaluation and Knowledge Management, Government of Navarra, Spain (Ref. 0011-3638-2020-000010). Marco Solmi has received support from the 2021 Tamarack Ottawa Race. Paolo Fusar-Poli has received support from ECNP Prevention of mental disorders and mental health promotion TWG. Philip Gorwood, Marie Odile Krebs, and Pierre Michel Llorca have received support from Fondation FondaMental: specific grant to support Mental Health during pandemic. Taishiro Kishimoto has received support from Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), CREST, Grant Number JPMJCR19F4. Mohammod Golam Rabbani has received support from the National Foundation of Mental Health of Bangladesh. Karolina Skonieczna-Żydecka has received support from the Program of the Ministry of Science and Health Education under the name of “Regional Initiative of Excellence” in 2019-2022 projecy number 002/RID/2018/19 amount of financing 12.000.000 PLN. Paolo Brambilla has received support from Ministry of Health (Ricerca Corrente), UOC Psichiatria, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano. Marco Solmi and Angela Favaro has received support from the University of Padua, Neuroscience Department, Italy. Akihiro Takamiya has received support from grants for International Activities in Medicine and the Life Sciences, Keio University Medical Science Fund (grant number: 99-096-0001). Leonardo Zoccante and Marco Colizzi has received support from Veneto Autism Spectrum Disorder Regional Centre at the Integrated University Hospital of Verona, Italy. Marie Odile Krebs, J. Bourgin, Philip Gorwood, and Pierre Michel Llorca has received support from Institut de psychiatrie (CNRS 3557). Karol Kamiński, Łukasz Kiszkiel, Pawel Sowa has received support from Internal Funds of Medical University in Białystok and Internal statutory grants of Medical University of Bialystok. Maryam Moghadasin has received support from the University of Kharazmi, Tehran, iran. Maryam Moghadasin has expensed from her annual research credit (Grant) equal to 213180000 Rial, received from Kharazmi University, Iran, Tehran. (ID-no.:36694). Soraya Seedat has received support from Stellenbosch University Special VR (RIPS) fund for Covid-19 research and innovation projects. Evan Matthews is supported by Waterford Institute of Technology, Research Connexions award. Total award €3,960 (2,460 allocated to COHFIT dissemination). Emilia Vassilopoulou and Dimitris Efthymiou has received support from Personal funds. Ary Gadelha has received support from PROESQ - Programa de Esquizofrenia da Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP). Kuan-Pin Su has received support from the following grants: MOST 109-2320-B-038-057-MY3, 109-2320-B-039-066, and 110-2321-B-006-004 from the Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan; and ANHRF109-31 from An Nan Hospital, China Medical University, Tainan, Taiwan. Jun Soo Kwon, Minah Kim, and Tae Young Lee: This research was supported by the Brain Research Program, and Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning (Grant no. 2017M3C7A1029610; 2019R1A2B5B03100844; 2021R1A2C1006718). Oleg Papsuev is supported by Future Comes Today Charitable Foundation, Moscow, Russia. Denisa Mankova has received support from MH CZ – DRO (NUDZ, 00023752). Marie Odile Krebs and J. Bourgin has received support from RHU PsyCARE (ANR -18-RHUS-0014) - National Agency for Research. Jari Tiihonen is supported by Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm. Liye Zou is supported by Start-up Research Grant of Shenzhen University (20200807163056003) and Start-Up Research Grant (Peacock Plan: 20191105534C). COH-FIT PIs and collaborators have applied/are actively applying for several national and international grants to cover expenses related to the coordination of the study, website, nationally representative samples, advertisement of the study, and future dissemination of study findings. |
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| COH-FIT has been approved by local authors’ institutional ethics committees. |
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| Consent has been provided for descriptions of specific patient information. Documentation of patient consent is not included with the manuscript, because consent is collected online and is in the actual database. |
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| This work has been prospectively registered: j.jad.2021.09.090. |
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| Data Sharing: Data will be made available upon request from the corresponding author, with a pre-planned protocol. |
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| Dr. Thompson served as the statistical expert for this research. |
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| All authors thank all respondents who took the survey so far, funding agencies, and all professional and scientific national and international associations supporting or endorsing the COH-FIT project. The authors would also like to acknowledge the contributions made by Friedrich Leisch and Björn Gerdle, in memoriam, to the success of this project. |
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| Disclosure: Marco Solmi has received honoraria/served as a consultant/participated to advisory board for Angelini, Lundbeck, and Otsuka. Trevor Thompson has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Samuele Cortese has declared reimbursement for travel and accommodation expenses from the Association for Child and Adolescent Central Health (ACAMH) in relation to lectures delivered for ACAMH, the Canadian AADHD Alliance Resource, the British Association of Psychopharmacology, Healthcare Convention and CCM Group team for educational activity on ADHD, and has received honoraria from Medice. Andrés Estradé has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Agorastos Agorastos has received honoraria as speaker and travel support, all unrelated to this work: Janssen-Cilag, Bausch Health, ELPEN, and Lundbeck. Joaquim Radua has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Elena Dragioti has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Davy Vancampfort has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Lau Caspar Thygesen has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Harald Aschauer has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Monika Schlögelhofer has received fees from VeraSci for her role as rater and local language expert which is both unrelated to this work. Elena Aschauer has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Andres Schneeberger has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Christian G. Huber has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Gregor Hasler has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Philippe Conus has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Kim Q. Do Cuénod has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Roland von Känel has received honoraria from Vifor unrelated to this work. Gonzalo Arrondo is supported by a grant from the Department of Health Planning, Evaluation and Knowledge Management, Government of Navarra, Spain (Ref. 0011-3638-2020-000010); the Ramón y Cajal grant RYC2020-030744-I funded by MCIN/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033 and by “ESF Investing in your future”; and the 2022-2023 Institute for Culture and Society (ICS) challenge on "Youth, relationships and psychological well-being" of the University of Navarra. Paolo Fusar-Poli has received grant fees from Lundbeck and honoraria from Lundbeck, Menarini and Angelini, outside the current work. Philip Gorwood has received during the last 5 years fees for presentations at congresses or participation in scientific boards from Alcediag-Alcen, Angelini, GSK, Janssen, Lundbeck, Otsuka, SAGE, and Servier. Pierre-Michel Llorca has been a consultant and/or advisor to or have received honoraria from: Abbvie, Allergan, Gedeon Richter, Janssen/J&J, Lundbeck, Merck, Otsuka, Recordati, Sanofi, Takeda, and Teva. He has provided expert testimony for Janssen. Marie-Odile Krebs has received punctual support for training activities, conferences, or scientific dissemination from Janssen, Eisai, and Otsuka-Lundbeck. Elisabetta Scanferla has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Taishiro Kishimoto has received consultant fees from Sumitomo Pharma, Novartis, and Otsuka and speaker’s honoraria from Banyu, Eli Lilly, Sumitomo Pharma, Janssen, MSD, Novartis, Otsuka, and Pfizer. He has received grant support from Takeda, Sumitomo Pharma, and Otsuka. Golam Rabbani has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Karolina Skonieczna-Żydecka has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Paolo Brambilla has participated to advisory board for Lundbeck. Angela Favaro has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Akihiro Takamiya has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Leonardo Zoccante has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Marco Colizzi has been a consultant/advisor to GW Pharma Limited, GW Pharma Italy SRL, and F. Hoffmann-La Roche Limited, outside of this work. Julie Bourgin has received punctual support for conferences or scientific dissemination from Janssen, Eisai, and Otsuka-Lundbeck. Karol Kamiński has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Maryam Moghadasin has expensed from her annual research credit (Grant) received from Kharazmi University, Iran, Tehran. Soraya Seedat has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Evan Matthews has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. John Wells has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Emilia Vassilopoulou has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Ary Gadelha has been a consultant and/or advisor to or has received honoraria from Ache, Daiichi-Sankyo, Torrent, Cristália, and Janssen, all unrelated to this work. Kuan-Pin Su has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Jun Soo Kwon has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Minah Kim has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Tae Young Lee has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Oleg Papsuev has received honoraria from Lilly, Lundbeck, and Servier unrelated to his work. Denisa Manková has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Andrea Boscutti has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Cristiano Gerunda has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Diego Saccon has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Elena Righi has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Francesco Monaco has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Giovanni Croatto has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Guido Cereda has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Jacopo Demurtas has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Natascia Brondino has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Nicola Veronese has reported personal fees from Mylan, IBSA, and Fidia, outside of the submitted work Paolo Enrico has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Pierluigi Politi has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Valentina Ciappolino has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Andrea Pfennig has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Andreas Bechdolf has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg has received consultant fees from: Boehringer Ingelheim, Elsevier, Brainsway, Lundbeck Int. Neuroscience Foundation, Lundbeck A/S, The Wolfson Foundation, Bloomfield Holding Ltd, Shanghai Research Center for Brain Science, Thieme Verlag, Sage Therapeutics, v Behring Röntgen Stiftung, Fondation FondaMental, Janssen-Cilag GmbH, MedinCell, Brain Mind Institute, Agence Nationale de la Recherche, CISSN (Catania Internat. Summer School of Neuroscience), Daimler und Benz Stiftung, American Association for the Advancement of Science, Servier International, and Techspert.io. Additionally, he has received speaker fees from: Italian Society of Biological Psychiatry, Merz-Stiftung, Forum Werkstatt Karlsruhe, Lundbeck SAS France, BAG Psychiatrie Oberbayern, Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie Ingolstadt, med Update GmbH, Society of Biological Psychiatry, Siemens Healthineers, Biotest AG, International Society of Psychiatric Genetics. Kai G. Kahl has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Katharina Domschke is a member of the Janssen Steering Committee Neurosciences. Michael Bauer has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Nikolaos Koutsouleris has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Sibylle Winter has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Stefan Borgwardt has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Istvan Bitter has received in the past 5 years honoraria or consultation fees outside of this work from Angelini, Eli Lilly, Gedeon Richter, Hikma Pharmaceuticals, Janssen/Janssen Cilag, Medichem Pharmaceuticals by Unilab, and Sun Pharma. Judit Balazs has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Pál Czobor has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Zsolt Unoka has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Dimitri Mavridis has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Konstantinos Tsamakis has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Vasilios P. Bozikas has received honoraria as consultant or speaker, all unrelated to this work, from Angelini, Astra Zeneca, Eli Lilly, Elpen, Galenica, Janssen Cilag, Mylan, Lundbeck, and Vianex. Chavit Tunvirachaisakul has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Michael Maes has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Teerayuth Rungnirundorn has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Thitiporn Supasitthumrong has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Ariful Haque has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Andre R. Brunoni has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Carlos Gustavo Costardi has been a consultant and/or advisor to or has received honoraria from Aché and Cristália, which is not related to this work. Felipe Barreto Schuch is partly supported by CAPES [grant #001]; has written one book for commercial publication; led a study funded by FITXR; is on the Editorial Board of Jornal Brasileiro de Psiquiatria, Mental Health and Physical Activity, and The Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry; has received an honorarium from a co-edited academic book on exercise and mental illness; and has received funds for writing two guides on mental health during the pandemic times from UpJohn. Guilherme Polanczyk has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Jhoanne Merlyn Luiz has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Lais Fonseca has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Luana V. Aparicio has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Samira S. Valvassori has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Merete Nordentoft has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Per Vendsborg has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Sofie Have Hoffmann has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Jihed Sehli has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Norman Sartorius has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Sabina Heuss has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Daniel Guinart has been a consultant for and/or has received speaker honoraria from Otsuka America Pharmaceuticals and Janssen Pharmaceuticals. Jane Hamilton has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. John Kane has been a consultant, and/or advisor for, or has received honoraria from Alkermes, Allergan, LB Pharmaceuticals, H. Lundbeck, Intracellular Therapies, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Johnson and Johnson, Merck, Minerva, Neurocrine, Newron, Otsuka, Pierre Fabre, Reviva, Roche, Sumitomo Pharma, Sunovion, Takeda, Teva, and UpToDate and is a shareholder in LB Pharmaceuticals and Vanguard Research Group. Jose Rubio has received honoraria or speaker fees from TEVA and Lundbeck; royalties from UpToDate; and research support from Alkermes. Michael Sand has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Ai Koyanagi has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Aleix Solanes has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Alvaro Andreu-Bernabeu has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Antonia San José Cáceres has been a consultant for Roche and is currently involved in clinical trials conducted by Servier. Celso Arango has been a consultant to or has received honoraria or grants from Acadia, Angelini, Boehringer, Gedeon Richter, Janssen Cilag, Lundbeck, Minerva, Otsuka, Roche, Sage, Servier, Shire, Schering Plough, Sumitomo Pharma, Sunovion, and Takeda. Covadonga M. Diaz-Caneja has received grant support from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (PI17/00481, PI20/00721, JR19/00024) and has received honoraria from Angelini and Exeltis. Eduard Vieta has received grants and served as consultant, advisor, or CME speaker unrelated to the present work for the following entities: AB-Biotics, Abbott, Allergan, Angelini, Sumitomo Pharma, Ferrer, Gedeon Richter, Janssen, Lundbeck, Otsuka, Sage, Sanofi-Aventis, Sunovion, and Takeda. Javier Gonzalez-Peñas has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Lydia Fortea has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Mara Parellada has been a consultant to or has received honoraria or grants from Janssen Cilag, Exeltis, Lundbeck, Roche, Sage, Servier, and Servier. Miquel A. Fullana has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Norma Verdolini has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Eva Andrlíková has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Karolina Janků has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Mark J. Millan has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Mihaela Honciuc has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Anna Moniuszko-Malinowska has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Igor Łoniewski is co-founder and shareholder of probiotic company (Sanprobi). Jerzy Samochowiec has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Łukasz Kiszkiel has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Maria Marlicz has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Paweł Sowa has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Wojciech Marlicz is probiotic company (Sanprobi) co-founder and shareholder; speaker fees in last 5 years from Alfasigma; European Lifestyle Medicine Organization (ELMO) - country representative for Poland. Georgina Spies has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Brendon Stubbs has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Joseph Firth is supported by a University of Manchester Presidential Fellowship (P123958) and a UK Research and Innovation Future Leaders Fellowship (MR/T021780/1) and has received honoraria / consultancy fees from Atheneum, Informa, Gillian Kenny Associates, Big Health, Wood For Trees, Nutritional Medicine Institute, Angelini, ParachuteBH, Richmond Foundation, and Nirakara, independent of this work Sarah Sullivan has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Asli Enez Darcin has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Hatice Aksu has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Nesrin Dilbaz has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Onur Noyan has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Momoko Kitazawa has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Shunya Kurokaw has received speaker’s honoraria from Sumitomo Pharma, Meiji-Seika Pharma, and Mochida Pharmaceutical Yuki Tazawa has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Alejandro Anselmi has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Cecilia Cracco has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Ana Inés Machado has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Natalia Estrade has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Diego De Leo has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Jackie Curtis has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Michael Berk is supported by a NHMRC Senior Principal Research Fellowship (1059660 and 1156072); has received Grant/Research Support from the NIH, Cooperative Research Centre, Simons Autism Foundation, Cancer Council of Victoria, Stanley Medical Research Foundation, Medical Benefits Fund, National Health and Medical Research Council, Medical Research Futures Fund, Beyond Blue, Rotary Health, A2 milk company, Meat and Livestock Board, Woolworths, Avant, and the Harry Windsor Foundation; has been a speaker for Abbot, Astra Zeneca, Janssen and Janssen, Lundbeck, and Merck; and has served as a consultant to Allergan, Astra Zeneca, Bioadvantex, Bionomics, Collaborative Medicinal Development, Janssen and Janssen, Lundbeck Merck, Pfizer, and Servier – all unrelated to this work. Andre F. Carvalho has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Philip Ward has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Scott Teasdale has reported contracts to Nutrition Research Australia. Nutrition Research Australia conducts independent research funded by government and industry bodies including Nestlé, Nutrition Australia, Cereal Partners Worldwide, Cobram Estate, and Meat and Livestock Australia. Simon Rosenbaum has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Wolfgang Marx has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Adrian Vasile Horodnic has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Liviu Oprea has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Ovidiu Alexinschi has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Petru Ifteni has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Serban Turliuc has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Tudor Ciuhodaru has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Alexandra Bolos has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Valentin Matei has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Dorien H. Nieman has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Iris Sommer has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Jim van Os has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Therese van Amelsvoort has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Ching-Fang Sun has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Ta-wei Guu has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Can Jiao has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Jieting Zhang has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Jialin Fan has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Liye Zou has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Xin Yu has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Xinli Chi has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Philippe de Timary has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Ruud van Winkel has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Bernardo Ng has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Edilberto Pena has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Ramon Arellano has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Raquel Roman has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Thelma Sanchez has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Larisa Movina has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Pedro Morgado has received in the past 3 years grants, CME-related honoraria, or consulting fees from Angelini, AstraZeneca, Bial Foundation, Biogen, DGS-Portugal, FCT, Janssen-Cilag, Gulbenkian Foundation, Lundbeck, Springer Healthcare, Tecnimede, and 2CA-Braga. Sofia Brissos was Medical Affairs Manager for Janssen Portugal from 2010–2013 and has received honoraria for lectures and advisory boards for Janssen, Lundbeck, Otsuka, Jaba Recordati, and Angelini. She has also had travel expenses supported by Janssen, Lundbeck, Otsuka, Jaba Recordati, and Angelini. Oleg Aizberg has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Anna Mosina has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Damir Krinitski has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. James Mugisha has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Dena Sadeghi-Bahmani has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Farshad Sheybani has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Masoud Sadeghi has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Samira Hadi has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Serge Brand has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Antonia Errazuriz has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Nicolas Crossley has received personal fees from Janssen, outside the submitted work. Dragana Ignjatovic Ristic has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Carlos López-Jaramillo has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Dimitris Efthymiou has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Praveenlal Kuttichira has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Roy Abraham Kallivayalil has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Afzal Javed has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Muhammad Iqbal Afridi has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Bawo James has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Omonefe Joy Seb-Akahomen has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Jess Fiedorowicz has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Jeff Daskalakis has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Lakshmi N. Yatham has received honoraria or research grants from Abbvie, Allergan, CANMAT, DSP, Intracellular therapies, Lundbeck, Merck, Otsuka, and Sanofi. Lakshmi N. Yatham has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Lin Yang has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Tarek Okasha has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Aïcha Dahdouh has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Jari Tiihonen has participated in research projects funded by grants from Eli Lilly and Janssen-Cilag to his employing institution; has been a consultant to HLS Therapeutics, Orion, and WebMed Global; and has received honoraria from Eli Lilly, Evidera, Janssen, Lundbeck, Mediuutiset, Otsuka, Sidera, and Sunovion. Jae Il Shin has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Jinhee Lee has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Ahmed Mhalla has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Lotfi Gaha has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Takoua Brahim has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Kuanysh Altynbekov has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Nikolay Negay has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Saltanat Nurmagambetova has received consultant/speaker’s fees from Janssen Yasser Abu Jamei has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Mark Weiser has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Christoph U. Correll has been a consultant and/or advisor to or has received honoraria from: AbbVie, Acadia, Alkermes, Allergan, Angelini, Aristo, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Cardio Diagnostics, Cerevel, CNX Therapeutics, Compass Pathways, Darnitsa, Gedeon Richter, Hikma, Holmusk, IntraCellular Therapies, Janssen/J&J, Karuna, LB Pharma, Lundbeck, MedAvante-ProPhase, MedInCell, Merck, Mindpax, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma, Mylan, Neurocrine, Newron, Noven, Novo Nordisk,Otsuka, Pharmabrain, PPD Biotech, Recordati, Relmada, Reviva, Rovi, Seqirus, SK Life Science, Sunovion, Sun Pharma, Supernus, Takeda, Teva, and Viatris. He has provided expert testimony for Janssen and Otsuka. He has served on a Data Safety Monitoring Board for Compass, Lundbeck, Relmada, Reviva, Rovi, Supernus, and Teva. He has received grant support from Janssen and Takeda. He has received royalties from UpToDate and is also a stock option holder of Cardio Diagnostics, Mindpax, LB Pharma and Quantic. |
© 2024
American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. Publié par Elsevier Masson SAS. Tous droits réservés.
Vol 64 - N° 4
P. 499-519 - avril 2025 Retour au numéro
Article précédent
- Neural Substrates of Emotion Processing and Cognitive Control Over Emotion in Youth Anxiety: An RDoC-Informed Study Across the Clinical to Nonclinical Continuum of Severity
- Dana E. Díaz, Stefanie R. Russman Block, Hannah C. Becker, K. Luan Phan, Christopher S. Monk, Kate D. Fitzgerald
- Creating Community Through Storytelling: Building a Village of Support for Children
- Misty C. Richards, Justin Schreiber
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