Pregnancy induces cardiovascular changes to support maternal and fetal needs. In diabetic women, these adaptations may be disrupted, leading to complications. Echocardiography helps to detect abnormalities in maternal heart function.

This study aimed to compare echocardiographic parameters between diabetic and non-diabetic pregnant women.

This cross-sectional study included 36 diabetic pregnant women (Group 1) and 36 non-diabetic pregnant women (Group 2). Exclusion criteria included pregnancy complications, comorbidities, preexisting cardiac conditions, and infections. Participants underwent clinical evaluations, physical exams, and echocardiographic assessments.

Both groups had comparable mean ages (30±6 years for Group 1 vs. 30±4 years for Group 2, P=0.8). Mean arterial pressure was similar (80mmHg for Group 1 vs. 70mmHg for Group 2, p=0.57). No significant difference in heart rate (P=0.11) or RVFS (P=0.11). Cardiac output was also comparable (6.28mL/m² for Group 1 vs. 6.0mL/m² for Group 2, P=0.66). Significant differences in BMI (29±5kg/m² for Group 1 vs. 33±7kg/m² for Group 2, P=0.03) and BSA (1.9 m² vs. 2.0 m², P=0.03) were observed. Group 1 had lower LVEF (61%) compared to Group 2 (65%) (P<0.01). Ejection systolic volume and inferior vena cava measurements also differed (P<0.01 and P=0.03, respectively).

Diabetic pregnant women had higher BMI, BSA, and slightly lower LVEF compared to controls. However, other cardiovascular parameters, including cardiac output, were similar between groups. These findings highlight the need for tailored management and careful monitoring to manage diabetes’ impact on pregnancy.