Infertility is the inability to achieve pregnancy after 12 months of trying to conceive. Infertility workup should begin immediately if any risk factors exist, or begin after 6 months of trying to conceive for females age 35 to 39, or after 12 months if younger than age 35. Workup for females includes a comprehensive medical history with examinations, laboratory tests, and imaging to assess ovulation, ovarian reserve, uterine anatomy, and tubal patency. The authors would like to highlight our use of “female” and “male” as referring to reproductive anatomy or sex assigned as birth and not gender identity.