Oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) include a range of oral mucosal lesions and conditions that carry an increased risk of progressing to oral squamous cell carcinoma. This review compiles current knowledge on the changing definition and terminology of OPMDs. It also examines the factors associated with malignant transformation, the usefulness of diagnostic adjuncts for general dental practitioners, and current and emerging management strategies. This study draws from consensus reports, clinical reviews, recent findings, and future directions to provide a comprehensive understanding of OPMDs, aiming to assist both specialists and general practitioners in effectively identifying, diagnosing, and managing these conditions.