Primary tumors of bone encompass a wide array of lineages of differentiation, including osteogenic, chondrogenic, fibrogenic, vascular, hematopoietic, and notochordal, amongst other mesenchymal lineages of origin. Osteogenic neoplasms of bone are defined by tumor cell production of osteoid matrix and/or mature bone by the neoplastic cells themselves, encompassing the full biologic spectrum, ranging from benign to intermediate (locally aggressive or rarely metastasizing) and malignant entities. Herein we provide an updated overview focused on benign bone-forming tumors: osteoma, osteoid osteoma, osteoblastoma and variants, atypical sclerosing osteoblastic neoplasm, and both benign and malignant neoplasms within the differential diagnosis of these entities.