This article provides a comprehensive overview of dental disease in myomorphic rodents, particularly rats and hamsters, which are increasingly being presented to veterinary clinics due to their popularity as pets. The most common dental problems include malocclusion, periodontal disease, caries, and odontogenic abscesses. Diagnosis is based on a thorough clinical examination, stomatoscopy under anesthesia and imaging—techniques such as radiography and computed tomography, which are crucial for detecting pathologic lesions, planning treatment, and preventing complications. Treatment strategies include regular trimming of elongated incisors, extraction of diseased teeth and, in some cases, surgical procedures such as pulpectomy or osteotomy.