Advances in Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy - 11/10/25

Doi : 10.1016/j.pcl.2025.05.006

Julia Konrad, MD ^a, Vann Chau, MD ^b, Thiviya Selvanathan, MD, PhD ^c,^⁎
^a Department of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
^b Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
^c Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada

^∗Corresponding author. Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia and BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, 950 West 28th Avenue, Room V3-321, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, CanadaDepartment of PediatricsUniversity of British Columbia and BC Children's Hospital Research Institute950 West 28th AvenueRoom V3-321VancouverBCV5Z 4H4Canada

Résumé

Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is the leading cause of neonatal encephalopathy in term or near-term neonates. Despite advances in perinatal care, HIE remains a major cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality globally. Survivors of HIE are at high risk for lifelong neurodevelopmental impairments, which imposes substantial social and economic burdens on families and health care systems. This article provides a clinically-focused overview of HIE in term neonates, highlighting key investigations, management strategies, neurodevelopmental outcomes, and areas in need of further study.

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Keywords : Neonatal encephalopathy, Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, Brain injury, Term infant, Neurodevelopment, Neuroprognostication, Magnetic resonance imaging, MR spectroscopy