Neoadjuvant treatment strategies for early-stage resectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are evolving with the introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors. While traditional neoadjuvant chemotherapy has offered modest survival benefit, recent trials show that combining chemotherapy with immunotherapy significantly increases pathologic complete response rates and event-free survival, without raising perioperative risks. Ongoing research aims to refine biomarker-driven strategies and integrate advanced tools to better personalize treatment. While long-term survival data are still maturing, current evidence suggests that neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy is a significant advancement in the multimodal management of resectable NSCLC and a likely cornerstone of future standard care for early-stage disease.