Associations of Sleep Timing and Regularity With Diabetes and Interactions With Diet Quality Among Adults - 07/12/25
Abstract |
Background |
Late sleep timing and sleep irregularity are associated with an increased risk of diabetes, and high diet quality is associated with a lower risk of diabetes. However, the associations of sleep timing and regularity with diabetes, as well as the potential interactions of diet quality with these associations, are unclear.
Objective |
The aims of the study were to examine the associations of sleep timing and sleep regularity with diabetes and to examine whether sleep timing and sleep regularity interact with diet quality in relation to diabetes.
Design |
This was a cross-sectional analysis of data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2017-March 2020.
Participants |
US adults 20 years or older who responded to questions regarding sleep health and completed at least 1 valid 24-hour diet recall were included in the analysis (n = 7270).
Main outcome measures |
Diabetes was defined as having received a diagnosis of diabetes from a physician or health care professional; glycated hemoglobin ≥6.5%; fasting blood glucose ≥126 mg/dL (to convert to mmol/L, multiply by 0.0555); and taking insulin or oral medication for diabetes.
Statistical analyses |
Survey-multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate the associations of sleep timing, sleep regularity, and their interactions with diet quality and diabetes.
Results |
A total of 1494 participants (15.3%) were identified as having diabetes. Late chronotype (odds ratio [OR] 1.45; 95% CI, 1.12 to 1.87; Bonferroni corrected P = .02) and social jet lag of > 0.5 hours (OR 1.44; 95% CI, 1.10 to 1.87; Bonferroni corrected P = .03) were associated with higher ORs of diabetes. Interactions were observed for diet quality with social jet lag ( P for interaction = .02) on diabetes. Among participants with social jet lag of > 0.5 hour, medium (OR 0.62; 95% CI, 0.41 to 0.92) and high diet quality (OR 0.63; 95% CI, 0.43 to 0.94) were associated with lower ORs of diabetes compared with low diet quality.
Conclusions |
Later chronotype and more severe social jet lag were associated with higher ORs of diabetes. Higher diet quality may attenuate the adverse association of social jet lag with diabetes.
Le texte complet de cet article est disponible en PDF.Keywords : Sleep timing, Sleep regularity, Social jet lag, Diet quality, Diabetes
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| Supplementary materials:Table 4 , Table 5 , and Table 6 are available at www.jandonline.org/ |
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| STATEMENT OF POTENTIAL CONFLICT OF INTEREST No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors. |
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| FUNDING/SUPPORT Z. Shan is supported by the National Natural Science Fund for Excellent Young Scientists of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82222061). |
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| AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS Z. Shan had full access to all of the data in the study and takes responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis. Z. Shan and T. Qin conceived and designed the study. Z. Shan and T. Qin were responsible for acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data. T. Qin drafted the manuscript. Z. Shan, T. Qin, and X. Cheng wrote, reviewed, and edited the manuscript. All authors were responsible for the critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content. T. Qin and Z. Shan performed the statistical analysis. Z. Shan obtained the funding. S. Liu and Z. Shan provided administrative, technical, or material support. Z. Shan and X. Cheng provided supervision. |
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