Vegetarian Dietary Patterns for Adults: A Position Paper of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics - 31/12/25
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Abstract |
It is the position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics that, in adults, appropriately planned vegetarian and vegan dietary patterns can be nutritionally adequate and can offer long-term health benefits such as improving several health outcomes associated with cardiometabolic diseases. Vegetarian dietary patterns exclude meat, poultry, and seafood, and vegan dietary patterns exclude all foods of animal origin. Registered dietitian nutritionists (RDNs) and nutrition and dietetics technicians, registered (NDTRs) play a pivotal role in providing meal-planning strategies and evidence-based nutrition information to clients currently following vegetarian or vegan dietary patterns or who may benefit from and express interest in following vegetarian or vegan dietary patterns. RDNs and NDTRs can work with their clients to create tailored, lifestyle-oriented, nutritionally balanced, and culturally suitable vegetarian and vegan dietary patterns that optimize health benefits while reducing concerns about nutrient inadequacies. Adults follow vegetarian and vegan dietary patterns for various reasons. The aim of this position paper is to inform health care practitioners, including RDNs and NDTRs, about the evidence-based benefits and potential concerns of following vegetarian and vegan dietary patterns for different populations of nonpregnant, nonlactating adults. This position paper is supported by current evidence, including several systematic reviews. As leaders in evidence-based nutrition care, RDNs and NDTRs should aim to support the development and facilitation of vegetarian and vegan dietary patterns and access to nutrient-dense plant-based meals. Promoting a nutrient-balanced vegetarian dietary pattern on both individual and community scales may be an effective tool for preventing and managing many diet-related conditions. This position was approved in January 2025 and will remain in effect until December 31, 2032.
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| Supplementary materials: Figure 4 are available at www.jandonline.org/ |
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| This Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics (Academy) position was approved by the Academy’s Research Committee in November 2024 and by the Academy’s Board of Directors in January 2025. This position is in effect until December 31, 2032. The full draft of the position paper was reviewed internally by key leaders from the Academy. The position paper was then reviewed by Academy members. Coauthors edited the manuscript accordingly. Position papers should not be used to indicate endorsement of products or services. All requests to use portions of the position or republish in its entirety must be directed to the Academy at journal@eatright.org . |
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| STATEMENT OF POTENTIAL CONFLICT OF INTEREST N. S. Guest was an unpaid member of the Scientific Advisory Board for Nutrigenomix Inc from 2013 to 2021. |
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| FUNDING/SUPPORT The systematic reviews that informed this position paper were funded by the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics , the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Foundation , and the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Vegetarian Nutrition dietetic practice group. Funders had no role in the design, execution, interpretation, or writing of the position paper. |
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| ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors thank Deepa Handu, PhD, RDN, for her expertise with project development and systematic review methods. The authors also thank Katelyn E. Senkus, PhD, for her work as the lead analyst on the systematic reviews supporting this position paper. In addition, the authors thank internal and member reviewers for their valuable feedback, which led to significant improvements in the manuscript. |
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| AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS S. Raj was the chair of the position paper development team. S. Raj, N. Guest, M. Landry, R. Mangels, and R. Pawlak served as content experts, and M. Rozga served as the methodologist and project manager. All authors drafted portions of this position paper and approved of the final manuscript. |
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