Uveitis, as a group of vision-threatening inflammatory ocular diseases, is a significant clinical problem because current treatments are inadequate. Nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems offer innovative solutions to overcome poor bioavailability, frequent dosing, and systemic side effects associated with traditional treatments. The review focuses on recent advances in steroidal, non-steroidal, immunosuppressive, and antioxidant nanoformulations for uveitis management. Furthermore, we discuss key challenges hindering the clinical translation of these nanomedicines, including safety concerns, immunogenicity, and regulatory barriers. Finally, strategic approaches to facilitate successful clinical application, such as tailored nanocarrier design and rigorous evaluation frameworks, are presented. By integrating cutting-edge research and addressing translational hurdles, this review underscores the transformative potential of nanotechnology in shaping the future landscape of uveitis therapy.