Optimizing Patient Selection, Referral Timing, and Advanced Therapies in Cardiogenic Shock - 25/03/26

Doi : 10.1016/j.hfc.2025.11.004

Mark Godding, MD ^a, Mohammed Haji, MD ^a, Irene Vargas, MD ^b, Chirag Mehta, MD ^b, Rachna Kataria, MD ^a,^c,^⁎

^a Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 593 Eddy Street, Providence, RI 02903, USA

^b Department of Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 593 Eddy Street, Providence, RI 02903, USA

^c Brown University Health Cardiovascular Institute, 593 Eddy Street, Providence, RI 02903, USA

^∗ Corresponding author. Brown University Health Cardiovascular Institute, Advanced Cardiac Care Center, 593 Eddy Street, Providence, RI 02903. Brown University Health Cardiovascular Institute Advanced Cardiac Care Center 593 Eddy Street Providence RI 02903

Résumé

The prevalence of cardiogenic shock (CS) has continued to rise over the past 2 decades. The management of this disease process is extensive, involving pharmacologic support, mechanical ventilation, renal replacement therapy, and increasingly, mechanical circulatory support. Due to the spectrum of illness within CS, therapeutic strategies must be tailored to each patient based on their presentation, risk factors, shock phenotype, and candidacy for advanced support. In this review, we focus on the evolving criteria for classifying CS and strategies to optimize patient selection, referral timing, and implementation of advanced therapies for patients presenting with CS.

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Keywords : Cardiogenic shock, Shock classification, Referral timing, Mechanical circulatory support, Advanced heart failure therapies