The dermatologic oral examination: Navigating the Oral Dermatoses Map - 17/04/26

Doi : 10.1016/j.jaad.2024.10.125

Paytra A. Klein, MBA ^a, Miguel A. Aristizabal, MD ^b,^⁎ , Marketa Janovska, DMD ^c, Alison J. Bruce, MB, ChB ^b, Katherine J. Bodiford, MD ^b, Roy S. Rogers, MD ^d

^a Albany Medical College, Albany, New York

^b Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, Florida

^c Institute of Dental Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic

^d Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona

^∗ Correspondence to: Miguel A. Aristizabal, MD, Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic Florida, 4500 San Pablo Rd S, Jacksonville, FL 32224. Department of Dermatology Mayo Clinic Florida 4500 San Pablo Rd S Jacksonville FL 32224

Abstract

Traditionally, dermatological education emphasizes hair, skin, and nails in its curriculum. There is a practice gap with regard to knowledge of normal oral mucosa variants, performance of the oral examination, and competence in diagnosing and treating oral mucosal disorders. The oral mucosa falls within the purview of dermatology. It is the responsibility of dermatologists, along with oral medicine specialists, to help bridge this practice gap. The purpose of this Part II manuscript is to provide differential diagnoses for common oral mucosal conditions based on sites of involvement. We have provided an Oral Dermatoses Map which illustrates key oral conditions and their associated anatomical areas of involvement.

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Key words : acute herpetic gingivostomatitis, angular cheilitis, atrophic glossitis, canker sores, condyloma acuminata, dermatologic oral examination, desquamative gingivitis, erythema multiforme, geographic tongue, granulomatous cheilitis, hand-foot-and-mouth disease, herpes simplex virus diseases, herpes simplex virus labialis, labial melanotic macule, leukoplakia, lingual varicose veins, morsicatio buccarum, mucocoele, oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma, oral dermatology, Oral Dermatoses Map, oral lichen planus, oral mucosa, recurrent aphthous stomatitis, recurrent intraoral herpes simplex virus infection, secondary syphilis, split papule, traumatic ulcers, venous lake

Abbreviations used : AHGS, DG, EM, GC, HFMD, HPV, HSV, IBD, LMM, OCSCC, OLP, OPMD, PCR, RAS

Plan

Introduction

Navigating the Oral Dermatoses Map: Anatomical breakdown of relevant entities

Tongue (dorsal, ventral, and lateral)

Hard and soft palate

Fauces, tonsillar pillars, oropharynx

Conclusion

	Author Klein and Dr Aristizabal are Co-First authors.
	Funding sources: None.
	Prior presentation: The information in this manuscript has not been previously presented.
	Patient consent: Patients with recognizable photographs in this manuscript gave written consent for their photographs to be published in print and online, with the understanding that this information may be publicly available.
	IRB approval status: Not applicable.
	Date of release: May 2026.
	Expiration date: May 2029.