Chronic dietary exposure to organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls through raw goat milk consumption in northern Morocco: Human health risk assessment and implications for toxicovigilance - 04/06/26
, Imane Iken b, Mohammed Abdessadek c, Ouiam El Galiou d, Amin Laglaoui dAbstract |
Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent organic pollutants classified as endocrine disruptors and probable or known human carcinogens. Their transfer through the food chain via animal lipid matrices represents a chronic dietary exposure pathway of concern, particularly for infants and young children. The aim of this study was to assess the human toxicological risk associated with raw goat milk consumption in northern Morocco, by quantifying OCP and PCB residues and estimating dietary exposure. Eighty raw goat milk samples were collected from eight areas of northern Morocco and analyzed by gas chromatography with electron capture detection (GC-ECD) after Florisil clean-up. Health risk assessment was conducted using a deterministic approach (EFSA/US-EPA), including estimated daily intake (EDI), hazard quotient (HQ), and incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) for adults and children. Hexachlorobenzene, aldrin, dieldrin and lindane were not detected. Heptachlor was found in all areas (mean ≈ 2.4 × 10 –4 mg/kg lipid), and DDT and its metabolites were detected sporadically. Aroclor 1260 was present in 100% of samples (0.03–0.32 mg/kg lipid), with one sample exceeding the Codex/WHO MRL of 0.2 mg/kg. For children, the HQ for Aroclor 1260 reached 5.2 and the ILCR 2.1 × 10 –4 , exceeding the toxicological concern threshold (HQ > 1) and approaching the upper bound of the US-EPA acceptable cancer risk range (10 –6 –10 –4 ), respectively. The conservative estimated weekly TEQ intake derived from dioxin-like congeners of Aroclor 1260 also exceeded the EFSA 2018 TWI of 2 pg TEQ/kg bw/week in children. These findings indicate a non-negligible toxicological risk for children consuming raw goat milk in some areas of northern Morocco and highlight the need to integrate dietary POP surveillance into the national toxicovigilance system.
Le texte complet de cet article est disponible en PDF.Keywords : Persistent organic pollutants, PCBs, Heptachlor, Goat milk, Risk assessment, Pediatric exposure, Toxicovigilance, Morocco
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