This study examined differences in sleep duration (primary outcome) and sleep quality (secondary outcomes) between children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes and peers without diabetes. We searched three databases. Eligible studies included participants aged 3–20 years, with and without type 1 diabetes, reporting total sleep time and/or other sleep parameters. Random-effects meta-analyses and meta-regression were performed. Seventeen studies were included (956 with type 1 diabetes; 10,893 controls; mean age 12.7 years; 52.6% female). Total sleep time varied by assessment method, but none of the modality-specific pooled estimates were statistically significant. Actigraphy showed no clear difference (Mean Difference [MD] = −7.30 min/night, 95% CI −19.66 to 5.06; I ²  = 19.58%); polysomnography suggested shorter sleep in type 1 diabetes with wide confidence intervals (MD = −19.56 min/night, 95% CI −50.39 to 11.26; I ²  = 36.06%); questionnaires tended to report shorter self-reported sleep with substantial heterogeneity (MD = −21.03 min/night, 95% CI −46.79 to 4.72; I ²  = 86.5%). Sleep efficiency from actigraphy was slightly lower in type 1 diabetes (MD = −0.52%, 95% CI −0.94 to −0.11; I ²  = 0.31%). Other polysomnography-derived sleep variables showed no between-group differences. In conclusion, we found no robust and consistent evidence of differences in sleep duration or most objective sleep parameters between children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes and peers without diabetes across assessment methods.