Hypothermia is classically defined as a reduction in the body's core temperature below 95.0°F (35.0 °C). Most reported cases of hypothermia are due to environmental exposure to low ambient temperatures (accidental hypothermia). Other causes of hypothermia include sepsis, severe hypothyroidism (myxedema coma), acute spinal cord injury, diabetic ketoacidosis, multisystem trauma, and prolonged cardiac arrest. Frostbite, chillblain and trench foot all have specific therapies to prevent limb loss. There have been significant advances in these therapeutic options over the past decade which are detailed in this issue.