Isolated subtalar arthrodesis is a common surgical procedure used to treat subtalar joint pathologies including primary and post-traumatic arthritis, calcaneal fractures, tarsal coalitions, and posterior tibial tendon dysfunction. Its goals are pain relief, rearfoot realignment, and improved stability while preserving more motion than triple arthrodesis. This review covers the relevant anatomy of the subtalar joint and its facets, clinical examination findings, and imaging modalities. It details surgical techniques for native fusions, neglected calcaneal fractures, and rigid valgus deformities, including incision approaches, joint resection, neutral positioning, and screw fixation constructs.