Cerebrospinal fluid IgM cross-reactivity among arboviruses in Japanese encephalitis patients from southern India - 26/08/26
, D. Swapna Reddy, Chiranjay MukhopadhyayAbstract |
Background |
In regions where multiple arboviruses co-circulate, serological diagnosis of neuroinvasive infections is complicated by antibody cross-reactivity. IgM detection in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is often considered evidence of etiologic infection.
Methods |
We retrospectively screened CSF samples positive for Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) IgM for IgM antibodies against dengue virus (DENV), chikungunya virus (CHIKV), and West Nile virus (WNV). Clinical, laboratory, and radiological data were analyzed for a subset of confirmed cases.
Results |
Among 60 JEV IgM–positive CSF samples, cross-reactive IgM antibodies were detected against DENV (46.7%), CHIKV (10%), and WNV (23%). Cross-reactive IgM levels were consistently lower than JEV-specific IgM. Poor clinical outcomes were associated with higher CSF leukocyte counts, protein, and lactate levels.
Conclusions |
CSF IgM cross-reactivity among arboviruses is frequent in Japanese encephalitis and may confound etiological diagnosis. Integrated diagnostic algorithms are required in endemic settings.
Le texte complet de cet article est disponible en PDF.Highlights |
• | Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) IgM cross-reactivity against dengue, chikungunya, and West Nile viruses was detected in Japanese encephalitis. |
• | Nearly half of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) IgM–positive CSF samples showed dengue IgM reactivity. |
• | Cross-reactive IgM responses were lower than JEV-specific IgM. |
• | Elevated CSF leukocyte count, protein, and lactate were associated with poor outcomes. |
• | Single-pathogen IgM assays may misclassify arboviral encephalitis. |
Keywords : Japanese encephalitis, Arboviruses, IgM cross-reactivity, Cerebrospinal fluid, Acute encephalitis syndrome
Plan
Vol 56 - N° 6
Article 105334- août 2026 Retour au numéro
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