Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) affects approximately 2.5% of the adult population. In France, the pharmacological management of adults with ADHD is mainly based on methylphenidate, a medication for which the initial prescription and annual renewal must be carried out by a specialist such as a psychiatrist or a neurologist. Despite the high prevalence of this disorder, the prescription of methylphenidate by psychiatrists remains limited. We therefore aimed to explore the barriers to prescribing methylphenidate by psychiatrists for adults with ADHD.

A qualitative study using semistructured individual interviews was conducted between June and July 2025 with psychiatrists working in the Hauts-de-France region, France. The data were transcribed, coded and analyzed using a thematic approach.

Ten psychiatrists were interviewed, with a diversity of profiles in terms of age and type of practice. Three main themes emerged as barriers to prescribing. First, participants reported a lack of knowledge about the disorder and its management. Second, they described uncertainty regarding possible differential diagnoses, as well as therapeutic constraints in the presence of psychiatric or substance use comorbidities. Finally, they highlighted the time-consuming nature of the diagnosis and management of this disorder. Other aspects were also mentioned including delays in accessing cardiology consultations, some patients’ reluctance regarding drug treatment, the occurrence of adverse drug reactions, and medication shortages.

In light of the identified barriers, strengthening professional training, providing adult-specific prescribing guidelines, and structuring the care pathway appear to be key levers to improve access to care.