The microdebrider has been one of the most significant innovations in the field of rhinology. The use of this instrument for endoscopic sinus surgery offers the advantages of mucosal preservation, improved precision, expeditious tissue removal, and better visualization. Recent advances in microdebrider technology now permit 360 degrees, blade rotation, continuous tracking of the instrument using surgical navigation, and the ability to control bleeding with bipolar energy. A variety of specialty blades are also available, each attempting to address a specific operative limitation encountered during endoscopic surgery. To use these devices effectively and safely, the limitations of microdebriders must be appreciated.