Left ventricular (LV) remodeling has been shown to occur in a relevant proportion of patients with acute myocardial infarction successfully treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention. The development of LV remodeling after primary percutaneous coronary intervention is associated with increased mortality and with shorter event-free survival. Therapy to prevent or limit LV remodeling is of paramount importance, and it should be started in the early phase of reperfusion. Early identification of patients at risk for LV remodeling may have important prognostic and therapeutic implications. The pathophysiology, time course, and predictors of LV remodeling, as well as the relevant diagnostic techniques and therapeutic interventions evaluated to date, will be discussed.