Oculomotor Performance Identifies Underlying Cognitive Deficits in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder - 08/08/11
, Heidi M. Feldman, M.D., Ph.D., Enami Yasui, B.S., Beatriz Luna, Ph.D.Disclosure: The authors report no conflicts of interest.
Abstract |
Objective |
To evaluate cognitive control in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) using oculomotor tests of executive function.
Method |
Cross-sectional study of children aged 8 to 13 years with ADHD (n = 26) and controls (n = 33) used oculomotor tasks to assess sensorimotor function (visually guided saccades), resistance to peripheral distractors (fixation), response inhibition (antisaccades), and spatial working memory (memory-guided saccades).
Results |
All children had intact sensorimotor function and working memory. Children with ADHD showed susceptibility to peripheral distractors and deficits in response inhibition. Increased interstimulus (IS) fixation periods on the antisaccade task were associated with improved performance and decreased reaction times on correct trials for controls but not for children with ADHD. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder-combined and inattentive subtypes showed different patterns of reaction time as a function of IS periods.
Conclusions |
Response inhibition deficits in ADHD on oculomotor tasks are consistent with other studies. The failure of children with ADHD to use IS time to decrease response inhibition errors and reaction time suggests that IS time is not used to prepare a response. These findings highlight the importance of considering cognitive processing components affected by ADHD in addition to core behavioral symptoms, particularly in designing new treatment strategies.
Le texte complet de cet article est disponible en PDF.Key Words : ADHD, oculomotor, antisaccade, response, nhibition, response preparation
Plan
| This research was supported by Grant 5 R01 MH067924 from the National Institute of Mental Health and Grant R01 HD46500 from the National Institute of Child and Human Development; Seed Grant from the Research Advisory Council, Children s Hospital of Pittsburgh; National Institutes of Health Pediatric Research Loan Repayment Program Award support for the first author (I.M.L.); and training grants T32 NS07495–5, T73 MC00036, and T77 MC 00031 from the National Institutes of Health and Maternal and Child Health Bureau, Health Resources and Services Administration, Health and Human Services (support for the first author [I.M.L.]). The authors thank Lynne Huffman, M.D., for helpful comments and review of the manuscript. The authors also thank the children and families who made this work possible. |
Vol 48 - N° 4
P. 431-440 - avril 2009 Retour au numéro
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