Discography is utilized to evaluate internal disc anatomy and to identify clinically symptomatic disc disruption. While MRI imaging is useful in providing a general anatomic image of the disc, it is relatively insensitive in identifying annular disruption and its clinical relevance. Discography is the only diagnostic study that can determine whether the disc is the primary pain generator responsible for the patient’s symptoms. It additionally provides valuable information in surgical planning by identifying which discs are symptomatic and may therefore be appropriate for inclusion in potential disc surgery, as well as to exclude from surgery those discs that are asymptomatic. The technique of lumbar discography is described and the complications of the procedure are discussed.