This article focuses on the current methods used to achieve lung separation in the intraoperative period in a surgical patient undergoing thoracic, esophageal, vascular, or robotic chest surgery, with a special emphasis on the latest technology. Specific considerations are given to the current use of the disposable polyvinyl chloride DLT, including a left-sided or right-sided DLT, and alternative methods to achieve lung separation with the use of bronchial blockade technology.