Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)-associated constrictive bronchiolitis is a severe condition with no established efficient treatment. A 55-year-old woman with seropositive RA developed rapidly progressive constrictive bronchiolitis confirmed by lung biopsy. Her clinical condition worsened despite steroids and azathioprine. Treatment with etanercept—a tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-⍺ inhibitor—combined with methotrexate, resulted in a marked improvement of both her clinical condition and pulmonary function tests. Treatment with TNF-⍺ inhibitors and methotrexate may be proposed in RA-associated constrictive bronchiolitis, a severe condition hitherto not amenable to improvement.