Cognitive Screening in Community-Dwelling Elders: Performance on the Clock-in-the-Box - 19/08/11
Requests for reprints should be addressed to James L. Rudolph, VABHS, GRECC, 150 S. Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02130Abstract |
Background |
The Clock-in-the-Box is a rapid (2-minute) cognitive screening tool. The purpose of this study was to compare the Clock-in-the-Box with the Mini-Mental State Exam and neuropsychologic tests; to determine Clock-in-the-Box score normative values by age and education group; and to determine if the Clock-in-the-Box score is associated with measures of physical function.
Methods |
Community-dwelling older participants in the Boston area were recruited for a prospective, longitudinal study in which they completed a variety of cognitive and functional assessments.
Results |
At baseline, participants (n=798; mean age [± standard deviation]=78.2 [±5.5] years; 14 [±3] mean years of education) completed in-home assessments of cognition (Clock-in-the-Box and Mini-Mental State Exam), measures of independent function (Activities of Daily Living and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living), and measures of physical function (Short Physical Performance Battery). The mean Mini-Mental State Exam score was 27.1 (±1.6; range 0-30 [0 worst]), and the mean Clock-in-the-Box score was 6.2 (±1.6; range 0-8 [0 worst]). Performance on the Clock-in-the-Box was correlated (Spearman) with the Mini-Mental State Exam (r=0.49, P<.001) and neuropsychologic measures (r=0.37-0.50; P<.001). Higher Clock-in-the-Box score was significantly associated with no difficulty in Activities of Daily Living (χ2 = 39.6, P<.001) and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (χ2 = 35.5, P<.001). In addition, higher Clock-in-the-Box scores were associated with higher scores on the Short Physical Performance Battery (F=5.4, P<.001).
Conclusion |
The Clock-in-the-Box is a brief cognitive screening test that is correlated with the Mini-Mental State Exam, neuropsychologic tests, and measures of independent and physical function in community-dwelling older adults.
Le texte complet de cet article est disponible en PDF.Keywords : Aged, Cognition, Dementia, Function, Neuropsychologic testing, Screening
Plan
| Funding: JGC was funded by an Einstein Research Fellowship. JLR is funded by a Veterans Affairs Rehabilitation Career Development Award. Additional support provided by the American Federation for Aging Research, the Boston MSTAR, and National Institutes of Health Grants AG-038027-01 AG-023480, AG-08812, and AG-029861. The data for this project were collected by the Hebrew SeniorLife/Harvard Research Nursing Home-Maintenance Of Balance, Independent Living, Intellect, and Zest in the Elderly (MOBILIZE) Boston Project (AG004390). The MOBILIZE Boston Study is funded by National Institutes of Health/National Institute on Aging under Grant P01AG004390. |
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| Conflict of Interest: None of the authors have any conflicts of interest associated with the work presented in this manuscript. The Clock-in-the-Box was developed by Dr Grande with contributions from Drs Milberg and McGlinchey. All were Veterans Affairs employees at time. |
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| Authorship: All authors had access to the data and played a role in writing this manuscript. Study design: LAL, LJG, WPM, REM, JLR; acquisition of data: LAL, LJG, JGC; data analysis and interpretation: JGC, LJG, WPM, REM, LAL, JLR; preparation of manuscript: JGC, LJG, WPM, REM, LAL, JLR. |
Vol 124 - N° 7
P. 662-669 - juillet 2011 Retour au numéro
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