Information technology tools have transformed most industries, increasing safety, productivity and efficiency. Healthcare, however, continues to rely on hand-written documents, verbal communication and individual performances. Recent data highlighting high error rates, avoidable deaths and poor compliance with demonstrated best practices highlight the need for dramatic changes in how we care for sick patients. Technology tools offer great potential to enhance the quality and safety of patient care and increase provider effectiveness. Specific areas where technology tools can add value include: 1) improving data presentation, 2) enhancing communication amongst care providers, 3) providing point-of-care decision support, 4) identifying problems and flagging gaps in care, 5) auditing performance and 6) leveraging personnel. While there is widespread recognition of the need for technology tools in healthcare, true clinical transformation will require improved products, standardization of clinical processes and changes in provider behavior. This manuscript reviews the rationale for information technology tools in critical care and examines issues related to their adoption and acceptance.