The skeletal system in birds and mammals serves four important rules: (1) it serves as a structural scaffold for muscle and ligament attachment and assists in locomotion; (2) it provides a protective framework for internal organs and bone marrow; (3) it serves as a reservoir for calcium and other essential minerals; and (4) it is a center for hematopoiesis. Bone is a unique form of connective tissue consisting of matrix, mineral, and cells. Fracture repair in mammals and birds is challenging, and the return to function, especially in the avian species, is often poor. A basic understanding of mammalian bone anatomy and healing, with a discussion of some key differences existing between mammalian and avian bone, is necessary to maximize healing potential and minimize postoperative complications.