Background: Transpapillary procurement of bile duct biopsy specimens is an effective diagnostic technique in cases of biliary structure. The utility of new ropeway-type bile duct biopsy forceps with a side slit for a guidewire was investigated in this study. Methods: The 12 patients in this study had bile duct cancer (n = 3), cancer of the head of the pancreas (n = 4), gallbladder cancer (n = 1), and benign bile duct stenosis (n = 4). After endoscopic retrograde cholangiography, a guidewire was placed in the bile duct across the stenosis. The new forceps (1.8-mm diameter clamshell-type biopsy forceps without needle) was then introduced through the intact papilla along the guidewire. Results: In all patients, sufficient tissue for histopathologic evaluation was obtained without complication. In one patient, biopsy specimens were selectively obtained of the left hepatic duct, which was impossible with conventional forceps. In another patient, histologic examination of specimens obtained by using this new forceps showed adenocarcinoma, whereas specimens obtained with a conventional forceps did not contain adenocarcinoma. However, in another patient, biopsy specimens obtained with a conventional forceps contained adenocarcinoma that was not evident in specimens obtained with the new forceps. Dislodgement of the guidewire during procurement of biopsy specimens occurred in 1 patient. In the other 11 patients, an endoscopic biliary drain was inserted over the guidewire. Conclusion: The new ropeway-type biopsy forceps is useful for selectively obtaining biopsy specimens of the bile duct. With this system, access for subsequent endoscopic biliary drainage is maintained.