Live-Attenuated Varicella Vaccine - 03/09/11
Résumé |
Live-attenuated varicella vaccine was licensed for general use in the United States in 1995, and in Canada in 1999, and it currently is recommended for virtually all healthy individuals who are more than 1 year old and who are susceptible to varicella. This vaccine was developed in the early 1970s by Takahashi, 74 and was licensed for use in Japan in 1989 (Table 1). The wild-type virus was attenuated by passage in various cell cultures, and the vaccine initially was tested in Japan, first in healthy children and then in immunocompromised children. When varicella vaccine first was developed, its use (especially in western countries) was highly controversial, despite many small studies indicating its safety and efficacy.5, 6, 46
The first clinical trials in the United States, therefore, involved varicella-susceptible individuals at high risk to develop severe or fatal varicella, mainly children with leukemia in remission and adults. At that time, in the late 1970s, some children who were being cured of their leukemia were dying from varicella.24 In the United States, it quickly was confirmed that the vaccine was safe and effective for leukemic children.27, 32, 33 Based on this success, early clinical trials in healthy children were expanded and also indicated the safety and efficacy of the vaccine.50, 51, 82, 87 At that point the focus of varicella vaccination shifted from immunocompromised individuals to healthy individuals. The end result of extensive clinical trials during the 1980s and early 1990s was the licensure of varicella vaccine in the United States for healthy children and adults.49
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Vol 15 - N° 1
P. 65-81 - mars 2001 Retour au numéro
Article précédent
- Poliomyelitis Eradication: Progress, Challenges for the End Game, and Preparation for the Post-Eradication Era
- Roland W. Sutter, Rudolf H. Tangermann, R. Bruce Aylward, Stephen L. Cochi
- Hepatitis Vaccines
- Raymond S. Koff
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