Multiple myeloma accounts for 10% of all malignant hematologic neoplasms.13 Bataille R., Harousseau J.L. Multiple myeloma N Engl J Med 1997 ; 336 : 1657 [cross-ref]
Cliquez ici pour aller à la section Références, 77 Landis S.H., Murray T., Bolden S. , et al. Cancer statistics, 1999 CA Cancer J Clin 1999 ; 49 : 8 [cross-ref]
Cliquez ici pour aller à la section Références In 1999, approximately 13,700 new cases of myeloma will be diagnosed, and more than 11,000 persons will die of the disease in the United States.77 Landis S.H., Murray T., Bolden S. , et al. Cancer statistics, 1999 CA Cancer J Clin 1999 ; 49 : 8 [cross-ref]
Cliquez ici pour aller à la section Références Therapy for myeloma is not curative. The overall response rate with standard melphalan and prednisone therapy is 53%.92 Myeloma Trialists' Collaborative Group Combination chemotherapy versus melphalan plus prednisone as treatment for multiple myeloma: An overview of 6,633 patients from 27 randomized trials J Clin Oncol 1998 ; 16 : 3832
Cliquez ici pour aller à la section Références With this regimen, the complete response rate is less than 10%, and median survival is about 3 years.72 Kovacsovics T.J., Delaly A. Intensive treatment strategies in myeloma Semin Hematol 1997 ; 34 : 49
Cliquez ici pour aller à la section Références The 5-year survival rate in patients treated with standard therapy for myeloma is 24%.92 Myeloma Trialists' Collaborative Group Combination chemotherapy versus melphalan plus prednisone as treatment for multiple myeloma: An overview of 6,633 patients from 27 randomized trials J Clin Oncol 1998 ; 16 : 3832
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Combination chemotherapy with regimens such as vincristine, carmustine, melphalan, cyclophosphamide, and prednisone leads to superior response rates (60% to 70%), but there is no survival benefit.3 Alexanian R., Dimopoulos M. The treatment of multiple myeloma N Engl J Med 1994 ; 330 : 484 [cross-ref]
Cliquez ici pour aller à la section Références, 92 Myeloma Trialists' Collaborative Group Combination chemotherapy versus melphalan plus prednisone as treatment for multiple myeloma: An overview of 6,633 patients from 27 randomized trials J Clin Oncol 1998 ; 16 : 3832
Cliquez ici pour aller à la section Références, 97 Oken M.M., Harrington D.P., Abramson N. , et al. Comparison of melphalan and prednisone with vincristine, carmustine, melphalan, cyclophosphamide, and prednisone in the treatment of multiple myeloma: Results of Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Study E2479 Cancer 1997 ; 79 : 1561
Cliquez ici pour aller à la section Références High-dose therapy followed by autologous blood cell transplantation is being used in an attempt to improve response rate and survival.7 Barlogie B., Jagannath S., Desikan K.R. , et al. Total therapy with tandem transplants for newly diagnosed multiple myeloma Blood 1999 ; 93 : 55
Cliquez ici pour aller à la section Références, 8 Barlogie B., Jagannath S., Epstein J. , et al. Biology and therapy of multiple myeloma in 1996 Semin Hematol 1997 ; 34 : 67
Cliquez ici pour aller à la section Références, 52 Gertz M.A., Pineda A.A., Chen M.G. , et al. Refractory and relapsing multiple myeloma treated by blood stem cell transplantation Am J Med Sci 1995 ; 309 : 152
Cliquez ici pour aller à la section Références, 66 Harousseau J.L., Attal M. The role of autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in multiple myeloma Semin Hematol 1997 ; 34 (suppl 1) : 61
Cliquez ici pour aller à la section Références Response rates with transplantation exceed 75% to 90%,3 Alexanian R., Dimopoulos M. The treatment of multiple myeloma N Engl J Med 1994 ; 330 : 484 [cross-ref]
Cliquez ici pour aller à la section Références, 72 Kovacsovics T.J., Delaly A. Intensive treatment strategies in myeloma Semin Hematol 1997 ; 34 : 49
Cliquez ici pour aller à la section Références and complete response rates range from 20% to 40%.5 Attal M., Harousseau J.L., Stoppa A.M. , et al. A prospective, randomized trial of autologous bone marrow transplantation and chemotherapy in multiple myeloma. Intergroupe Francais du Myelome N Engl J Med 1996 ; 335 : 91 [cross-ref]
Cliquez ici pour aller à la section Références, 8 Barlogie B., Jagannath S., Epstein J. , et al. Biology and therapy of multiple myeloma in 1996 Semin Hematol 1997 ; 34 : 67
Cliquez ici pour aller à la section Références A French randomized trial in previously untreated patients with myeloma showed improved survival with autologous marrow transplantation compared with conventional chemotherapy, with 5-year survival rates of 52% and 12%, respectively.5 Attal M., Harousseau J.L., Stoppa A.M. , et al. A prospective, randomized trial of autologous bone marrow transplantation and chemotherapy in multiple myeloma. Intergroupe Francais du Myelome N Engl J Med 1996 ; 335 : 91 [cross-ref]
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There is significant variation in the survival of patients with myeloma, and approximately 3% of patients live longer than 10 years.74 Kyle R.A. Long-term survival in multiple myeloma N Engl J Med 1983 ; 308 : 314
Cliquez ici pour aller à la section Références Prognostic factors are needed to identify groups of patients with widely different survival rates to assist in counseling, therapeutic strategies, and stratification in clinical trials. Several important prognostic factors identify patients with poor outcomes: serum beta2-microglobulin (β2M), bone marrow plasma cell labeling index (PCLI), cytogenetics, plasmablastic morphology, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and C-reactive protein (CRP).54 Greipp P.R. Prognosis in myeloma Mayo Clin Proc 1994 ; 69 : 895
Cliquez ici pour aller à la section Références, 75 Kyle R.A. Prognostic factors in multiple myeloma Stem Cells 1995 ; 2 : 56
Cliquez ici pour aller à la section Références Some factors such as cytogenetics appear to have particular value in patients undergoing stem cell transplantation.127 Tricot G., Sawyer J.R., Jagannath S. , et al. Unique role of cytogenetics in the prognosis of patients with myeloma receiving high-dose therapy and autotransplants J Clin Oncol 1997 ; 15 : 2659
Cliquez ici pour aller à la section Références Others such as the PCLI have yielded consistent results but are not readily available at most centers. Combinations of independent prognostic factors provide more information than any one factor alone. There is no consensus, however, on the ideal combination of factors that is best suited for widespread clinical use.
This article reviews the major prognostic factors in myeloma and the evidence supporting their usefulness in clinical practice and research.
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© 1999
W. B. Saunders Company. Publié par Elsevier Masson SAS. Tous droits réservés.