Objective: We set out to compare a eutectic mixture of local anesthetic cream (lidocaine and prilocaine) to dorsal penile nerve block with lidocaine for anesthesia during circumcision. Study Design: In a double-blind study, term newborns were randomized to local anesthetic cream and sodium chloride solution dorsal penile nerve block (n = 31) or to placebo cream and lidocaine dorsal penile nerve block (n = 29). Pain was assessed by determination of heart rate, respiratory rate, and behavioral distress scoring. Group differences were evaluated with repeat-measures analyses of variance. Results: Distress scores and heart rates were significantly higher in the eutectic mixture group than in the lidocaine group. Respiratory rates were higher in the eutectic mixture group but did not reach statistical significance. Conclusions: Distress scores and heart rates were significantly higher in infants treated with the anesthetic mixture than in infants treated with lidocaine. Dorsal penile nerve block with lidocaine is a more efficacious means of providing anesthesia for neonatal circumcision than the mixture of local anesthetics. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 1999;181:1506-11.)