Vulvovaginitis caused by the Candida species is extremely common, widespread, and affects all strata of society. The overwhelming majority of infections are uncomplicated and respond well to conventional antifungal therapy, regardless of route of administration or duration of therapy. Complicated Candida infections, although representing a minority of episodes, still constitute an enormous challenge to our therapeutic skills (Table 1). As indicated in Display Box 1, genital infection by Candida becomes a problem under a variety of circumstances including host and microorganism factors.