Cryotherapy of the skin is a technique that has been used by physicians since the early twentieth century. The equipment, techniques, and indications have been refined considerably since these early beginnings. The controlled ablation of skin lesions by freezing is the basic principle of cryotherapy. This can be accomplished using many different cryogens, most commonly liquid nitrogen or nitrous oxide.

Today, cryosurgery offers the primary care physician a safe, cost-effective office procedure capable of treating many benign and premalignant lesions. Some malignant lesions also can be treated by cryotherapy, but other modalities may be preferred. With an understanding of the general principles, proper equipment, and common techniques, physicians can treat many skin lesions safely by cryotherapy.