HYPONATREMIA AND HYPERNATREMIA - 11/09/11

Doi : 10.1016/S0025-7125(05)70535-6

Linda F. Fried, MD ^{^{*
From the Renal Section, Medical Service, VA Pittsburgh Health Care System; and the Renal Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania}}, Paul M. Palevsky, MD ^{^{*
From the Renal Section, Medical Service, VA Pittsburgh Health Care System; and the Renal Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania}}

Résumé

Hyponatremia and hypernatremia are common electrolyte disorders and are associated with increased morbidity and mortality.^{5Arieff A.I. Hyponatremia, convulsions, respiratory arrest, and permanent brain damage after elective surgery in healthy women N Engl J Med 1986 ; 314 : 24

Cliquez ici pour aller à la section Références, 13Baran D., Hutchinson T.A. The outcome of hyponatremia in a general hospital population Clin Nephrol 1984 ; 22 : 72

Cliquez ici pour aller à la section Références, 19Bhatnager D., Weinkove C. Serious hypernatremia in a hospital population Postgrad Med 1988 ; 64 : 441

Cliquez ici pour aller à la section Références, 68Mattar J.A., Weil M.H., Shubin H., et al. Cardiac arrest in the critically ill Am J Med 1974 ; 56 : 162 [cross-ref]

Cliquez ici pour aller à la section Références, 81Palevsky P.M., Bhagrath R., Greenberg A. Hypernatremia in hospitalized patients Ann Intern Med 1996 ; 124 : 197

Cliquez ici pour aller à la section Références, 111Tierney W.M., Martin D.K., Greenlee M.C., et al. The prognosis of hyponatremia at hospital admission J Gen Intern Med 1986 ; 1 : 380 [cross-ref]

Cliquez ici pour aller à la section Références} Under normal circumstances, the plasma sodium concentration is maintained within a narrow range despite wide variations in sodium and water intake. This is achieved through an integration of thirst, vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone) secretion, and renal responsiveness to vasopressin. This article provides a pathophysiologic approach to understanding the causes and management of hyponatremia and hypernatremia.